Anthropic Interventions: Imposing Ecological Risk to the Natural Spawning Ground of Major Carps in Bangladesh

Mohammad Ashraful Alam*, Flura1, Md. Hashibur Rahman, Md. Istiaque Haidar, Azhar Ali, Ahmed Ishtiaque Amin Chowdhury, Md. Harunor Rashid, Md. Amirul Islam and Anuradha Bhadra

Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute conducted a study to evaluate heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the Halda river. Data were collected from four locations: Khondokia Khal, Katakhali, Madari Khal, and Madarsha. Concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were measured, with Cd ranging from 0.04 to 0.96 mg kg-¹, Cr from 18.20 to 48.14 mg kg-¹, Ni from 0.70 to 9.10 mg kg-¹, Cu from 6.70 to 9.10 mg kg-¹, Fe from 14501.00 to 20323.00 mg kg-¹, Mn from 270.00 to 430.00 mg kg-¹, Pb from 1.83 to 8.12 mg kg-¹, and Zn from 29.00 to 43.00 mg kg-¹, respectively. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated Mn contamination (0.37 ± 0.02), supported by Improved Nemerow Index (IN) showing moderate contamination of heavy metals in the river Halda. The pollution load index (PLI) (0.31 ± 0.04) indicated no significant pollution, and the contamination factor (CF) also demonstrated low pollution levels. Katakhali Khal exhibited the highest degree of contamination and the modified degree of contamination was (mCd) 4.22 ± 0.45. Enrichment factor (EF) ranged from 0.43 ± 0.10 to 4.14 ± 3.33, indicating minimal to moderate enrichment. Ecological risk factor (Eir) (12.75 ± 0.68 to 49513.56 ± 39.23) and risk index (RI) (467.70 ± 4.53 to 641.92 ± 27.72) demonstrated varying degrees of ecological risk. The modified hazard quotient (mHQ) indicated very low to low contamination severity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) revealed correlations among heavy metals, suggesting similar sources. These findings emphasize the need for immediate action to address heavy metal contamination in the Halda river sediment. 

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Published on: Dec 27, 2024 Pages: 50-65

Full Text PDF Full Text HTML DOI: 10.17352/2455-8400.000095
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