https://www.agriscigroup.us/journals/international-journal-of-aquaculture-and-fishery-sciences A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 17 Jul, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-11-201.php Studies on turtle life history are often limited by their extended lifespans. This study investigated the growth patterns and biometric characteristics of Kinosternon scorpioides, a freshwater turtle species, using data collected over a 12-year period on Curupu Island, Maranhão, Brazil. Individuals were captured using traps, permanently marked for individual recognition, and standard biometric measurements—maximum carapace length, plastron length, tail length, body height, carapace width, and body mass—were recorded. Males and females exhibited similar biometric values, with the exception of tail length (greater in males) and carapace width (greater in females). The most frequent plastron length classes were 103 - 111 mm for males and 112 - 120 mm for females. While absolute plastron growth was comparable between sexes, females showed a non-significant trend of greater body mass gain. A negative relationship was observed between the exponential growth rate and the geometric mean body size in both sexes (females: R = –0.54, p < 0 xss=removed> 0.05). Growth rates did not significantly differ between sexes. These biometric and growth data likely correlate with reproductive characteristics and provide valuable insights into the ecological dynamics of K. scorpioides. Such findings are crucial for developing effective conservation strategies for the species. 28 Jun, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-11-200.php A feeding trial lasting 120 days was conducted in earthen ponds to evaluate the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth performance of Mystus cavasius (Hamilton, 1822) broodstock reared in hapas. Five dietary treatments were tested: four iso-caloric experimental feeds containing 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45% crude protein, and one commercial feed containing 33% protein as a reference. All diets were provided at 5% of total body weight, twice daily at 07:30 and 17:30 h. Each treatment was replicated three times. Growth performance was evaluated based on Average Weight Gain (AWG), body Weight Gain (BWG), Percentage Body Weight Gain (PBWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) in both male and female fish. Water quality parameters were monitored throughout the trial. Fish fed the 40% protein diet (MF3) exhibited the highest growth, with AWG of 22.80 ± 2.05 g (male) and 42.2 ± 1.05 g (female), significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than other treatments. The 35% protein diet (MF2) followed in performance, with the commercial feed showing comparable results. The Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) values of both male and female were higher in MF3 (40% protein) compared to the other four feeds. Furthermore, Statistical analysis confirmed that the 40% protein diet significantly enhanced all growth metrics. Results suggest that 40% dietary protein is optimal for improving the growth of M. cavasius under hapa-based pond culture conditions. 19 Apr, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-11-199.php The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Najas indica on the immune system and health of shrimp. Antibacterial activity, immune parameters, and a challenge experiment against White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) were assessed. The results revealed that the methanolic extract of Najas indica exhibited significant antibacterial activity with 15±2 mm inhibition zone, indicating its potential as an antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, shrimp fed with a 1 mg/kg methanol extract of Najas indica displayed significantly increased levels of Total Hemocyte Count (51.73 ± 2.25×105) cells/ml and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity (4.3 ± 0.72 U/mg) compared to other treatments, suggesting enhanced immune response and oxidative stress defense. Significant differences were observed in the clotting times of shrimp hemolymph collected from individuals fed with 1 mg/kg Najas indica extract compared to other treatments. Notably, the clotting time was the shortest (3.67 s) in the 1 mg/kg treatment, indicating improved coagulation response. Conversely, the control group (without Najas indica extract) exhibited the longest clotting time (10.67 s). In the challenge experiment against WSSV, shrimp fed with Najas indica extract (1 mg/kg) showed reduced mortality compared to the control group. Probit analysis determined the LC50, and the control group exhibited significantly faster mortality rates than the treatment group. The cumulative hazard probability of shrimp mortality was lower in the treatment group than in the control group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that extracts from Najas indica possess therapeutic effects and may serve as a potential natural medicine for aquatic animals, specifically in shrimp health management. 18 Apr, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-11-198.php Fishes play a critical role in the food web and food chain as both intermediate trophic levels and top predators in the all ecosystems. This review article provides the earliest chronological description of the feeding behavior of Labeo calbasu with special reference to cleaning of bottom. The feeding nature of fishes varying to stage of life cycle, season, locality, structure of food web, food supply, richness of species in water bodies, base of sexes (male or female) and organic load in the ecosystem. Feeding nature acting an important role in estimate of growth rate, productivity potential of water, habitat predilection, baseline data for culture and conservational strategies programme. It can be concluded that L. calbasu is primarily a detritus feeder and herbivorous. Thus, it feeds in the bottom (bottom feeder) of the water bodies (e.g., ponds, rivers, canals and reservoirs). It is also contributing to the cleaning of bottom substrates (aquaculture ponds and river bed) through feeding nature (detritus feeder). As a result, feeding nature of L. calbasu may have been helping increase aquaculture production especially Asian countries or native places. Therefore, it is essential to recognize L. calbasu as a cultivable species in the ponds and reservoir and this will require closer collaboration between aquaculture scientists, fish farmers and environmental managers (example river sector). 07 Feb, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-11-197.php Wetland environments in Bangladesh, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, beel, baor, and haor, are critical for the feeding, spawning, breeding, and nursing of at least 253 fish species, as well as a variety of freshwater fish and prawns. In addition, they support a number of rural people and provide habitat for a multitude of migrating birds. Bangladesh’s wetlands are classified as freshwater wetlands, saltwater wetlands, and artificial wetlands, with haors belonging to the freshwater wetlands group. Haor is a marshy wetland area that looks like a bowl or saucer. It is inundated for seven to eight months during the wet season, similar to a massive inland sea, and then divides into beels during the dry season. Apart from giving migratory fish and bird species breeding, nursing, and feeding habitats, it boasts around 154 native fish species from 35 families and 12 orders. The biodiversity of fish in haor wetlands has been experiencing a decline due to factors such as overexploitation, environmental degradation, and the persistent challenges posed by climate change. To effectively manage the haor wetland ecosystem, it is strongly recommended that an ecosystem-based co-management approach be adopted. This should involve the active participation of the local community, the establishment of sustainable fishing practices, and the promotion of alternative livelihoods for deprived harvesters who are heavily reliant on these resources. This review paper proposes a simple and practical approach to studying the haor wetlands, the current state of fish biodiversity in the various haor ecosystems of Bangladesh, and related challenges. 31 Dec, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-10-196.php The rich nutrients and essential phytochemical compositions in the Moringa plant make it suitable and useful as a phytogenic feed additive to optimize feed efficiency and boost growth and reproduction in humans and animals. Various metabolites and bio-active ingredients contained in the leaves of Moringa oleifera have pharmacological, therapeutic, and physiological values in humans and livestock including fish. This study was intended to investigate the effect of different solvents of extractions on the quantity (yield) and quality (presence) of various phytochemicals in Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Moringa leaves were identified, authenticated, processed, and pulverized following standard procedures. The powdered materials were subjected to a cold extraction method using four solvents: Aqueous, Ethanol, Methanol, and diethyl ether while phytochemical screening was done to determine the yield of the bio-active compounds using UV spectrophotometry and gravimetric methods. Standard qualitative and quantitative tests were conducted to evaluate flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannin, phenol, Coumarin, Terpenoid, Cardiac Glycosides, Quinones, Anthraquinone, and Lignin. Phytochemical investigation of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts depicted rich quality and quantity of bioactive compounds including hormonally active phytochemicals such as flavonoids, and saponins which can boost growth and reproduction in animals. The values of Saponin, Flavonoid and phenol ranges respectively across the solvents as follows: Diethyl-ether: 0.94 ± 0.01, 2.16 ± 0.00, 2.78 ± 0.02, Ethanol: 2.24 ± 0.02, 5.36 ± 0.00, 4.76 ± 0.00, Methanol: 2.78 ± 0.02b, 5.02 ± 0.00,4.57 ± 0.02 and aqueous: 4.11 ± 0.01, 6.27 ± 0.01, 4.91 ± 0.00. There was a significant influence (P &lt; 0.05) of the extraction solvent on all the phytochemical content of the Moringa oleifera leaves analyzed. Aqueous extractions gave the best phytochemical retention in the extracts - Flavonoid (6.27 ± 0.01 mg/g), Phenol (4.91 ± 0.00 mg/g), Saponin (4.11 ± 0.01%), Alkaloid (3.90 ± 0.02%) and Tannin (2.45 ± 0.04 mg/g). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. The study illustrated that the use of a combination of polar and nonpolar solvents increased the extraction efficiency of phytochemicals in terms of yield; different solvents gave varied quantification of phytochemicals in Moringa oleifera leave extract. The highly polar aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extraction methods performed better than the non-polar diethyl ether in terms of the content yield, activity, and retention of bioactive compounds. Thus the extract can be applied in the diets of fish to boost growth and reproductive performance under varying inclusion levels. 27 Dec, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-10-195.php Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute conducted a study to evaluate heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the Halda river. Data were collected from four locations: Khondokia Khal, Katakhali, Madari Khal, and Madarsha. Concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were measured, with Cd ranging from 0.04 to 0.96 mg kg-¹, Cr from 18.20 to 48.14 mg kg-¹, Ni from 0.70 to 9.10 mg kg-¹, Cu from 6.70 to 9.10 mg kg-¹, Fe from 14501.00 to 20323.00 mg kg-¹, Mn from 270.00 to 430.00 mg kg-¹, Pb from 1.83 to 8.12 mg kg-¹, and Zn from 29.00 to 43.00 mg kg-¹, respectively. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated Mn contamination (0.37 ± 0.02), supported by Improved Nemerow Index (IN) showing moderate contamination of heavy metals in the river Halda. The pollution load index (PLI) (0.31 ± 0.04) indicated no significant pollution, and the contamination factor (CF) also demonstrated low pollution levels. Katakhali Khal exhibited the highest degree of contamination and the modified degree of contamination was (mCd) 4.22 ± 0.45. Enrichment factor (EF) ranged from 0.43 ± 0.10 to 4.14 ± 3.33, indicating minimal to moderate enrichment. Ecological risk factor (Eir) (12.75 ± 0.68 to 49513.56 ± 39.23) and risk index (RI) (467.70 ± 4.53 to 641.92 ± 27.72) demonstrated varying degrees of ecological risk. The modified hazard quotient (mHQ) indicated very low to low contamination severity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) revealed correlations among heavy metals, suggesting similar sources. These findings emphasize the need for immediate action to address heavy metal contamination in the Halda river sediment. 10 Dec, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-10-194.php The study evaluates the impact of stocking density on the growth and survival of Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii juveniles in seawater, focusing on their performance under different stocking densities and fertilization regimes. One hundred sixty-two (162) S. melanotheron juveniles, each weighing approximately 3 grams, were used to test the effects of different densities: D10: (10 fish/m³), D15: (15 fish/m³), D20: (20 fish/m³) and D25: (25 fish/m³). Fish were stocked in 375-liter aquaria in triplicates, with the experiment lasting for 90 days. Temperature and dissolved oxygen levels were monitored daily and the fish were fed at 5-10% of their biomass. Survival rates, weight, size, weight gain, individual daily growth, specific growth rate, and voluntary intake were compared across different densities and fertilization regimes. Lower stocking densities (D10 and D15) resulted in better growth performance, with fish exhibiting higher weight gain, size, and specific growth rates compared to higher densities (D20 and D25). The reduced growth and survival rates observed at higher stocking densities indicate that overcrowding may negatively affect the welfare of the juveniles. Tanks with fertilization demonstrated better growth performance than unfertilized tanks, suggesting that fertilization can mitigate the negative effects of higher stocking densities. Fertilization likely enhanced water quality and availability of nutrients, contributing to the overall better health and growth of the juveniles. The study underscores the importance of managing stocking density and water quality in aquaculture systems, especially in marine and estuarine environments. Lower stocking densities (≤ 20 fish/m³), combined with good water management practices (e.g., fertilization) are crucial for optimizing the growth and survival of S. melanotheron. These findings could inform best practices for aquaculture operations focusing on this species. 28 Oct, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-10-193.php Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus is among the leading farmed species around the world as well as a powerful invader in many countries globally. Studies were undertaken during the period from February 2019 to January 2020 from the lower stretch of the Tons River at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. During the sampling period, 683 fish specimens of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (336 males and 347 females) were collected and studied for evaluation of sex ratio and sex structure. The sex ratios of male and female fishes were very close and reported 1.0:1.03 in the stock. The male ratio was higher in the small size group of fish with 81 to 200 mm size groups and 411 to 470 mm size group. The sex structure of males and females was observed at 49.19% and 50.81%, respectively in the case of stock. The female proportion was recorded as a minimum with 37.50% in the 441-470 cm size group and highest with 54.84% in the 381-410 mm size group. However, the male proportion was reported lowest at 45.16% in the 381-410 mm size group and highest at 62.50% in the 441-470 mm size group. In the present findings, O. niloticus was found to reach maturity starting below 138 mm of total length, taking individual fish. The fishes breed in the months of March to June and September to November of the year. The number of eggs per individual ranged from 393 to 4338 in the size of fish varied from 138-452 mm. The reported fecundity and sex ratio of O. niloticus indicated that the climatic condition or environmental condition of the Tons River was most suitable. The environmental condition (especially temperature) of the Tons River at Prayagraj is slightly warm compared to the Ganga River which is very favourable for O. niloticus. The water current velocity of the Tons River is very poor. Both parameters are very helpful for the stability of O. niloticus in the Tons River at Prayagraj. The high fecundity of O. niloticus in the Tons River at Prayagraj could probably be a result of a combination of different causes such as climatic conditions, habitat structure, food abundance, water quality, and quality of food. Therefore, the present study aimed to update the information on the sex ratio, sex structure, and fecundity of O. niloticus with respect to climate from the Tons River, India. 30 Jul, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-10-192.php This study examines the seasonal shift of the phytoplankton assemblage of Kaptai Lake, Bangladesh, to elucidate the underlying drivers and ecological integrity. In 2020 and 2021, phytoplankton and physiochemical parameters were collected. There were found to be 59 genera of phytoplankton, with the pre-monsoon Zygnematophyceae having the highest seasonal dominance, followed by the monsoon Cyanophyceae and post-monsoon Chlorophyceae. The range of abundance was 0.89-2.95×106 cells/L, respectively. Alpha diversity indices revealed the phytoplankton community was highly diversified. Zygnematophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae were identified by SIMPER analysis as major contributors to community variation. Significant correlations were found between temperature, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, conductivity, and transparency, indicating their impact on the dynamics of phytoplankton with seasonal changes. These results demonstrate how the phytoplankton community of Kaptai Lake is rich and dynamic, influenced by seasonal variations in temperature and the resulting changes in the water’s chemistry. This information helps to build successful conservation plans and offers an insightful understanding of the ecology of freshwater lakes. 29 Jun, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-10-191.php Introduction: Grey mullets comprise different species that represent the most ubiquitous teleost families in the planet’s coastal waters. They are an important proportion of the Mediterranean lagoon’s production and have been recently considered cultivated marine fish. This study aimed to explore the intestinal microbial communities of grey mullets to understand their possible ecological role for fish and the aquatic environment. Methods: Thirty-four wild-caught mullets were sampled from a Mediterranean lagoon during four seasons and the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA (Illumina MiSeq) of the fish gut were sequenced. Parameters of the aquatic environment were detected: temperature, salinity, DO, PO4, NH4, NO3, NO2, SiO, DIN, and Chla. Results: The results indicated a high bacterial diversity (mean Shannon index: 4.74 ± 1.12; Simpson index: 0.93 ± 0.08) and variations among seasons. Sixty prokaryotic phyla were identified and the most abundant ones were: Proteobacteria (mean relative abundance 35.4% ± 17.9), Actinobacteriota (mean relative abundance 16.4% ± 9.9), and Firmicutes (mean relative abundance 10.1% ± 10.9). Bacteria belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi were relevant in autumn, Spirochaetota, Verrucomicrobiota, Fusobacteriota, and Cyanobacteria were particularly abundant in winter while Bacteroidota characterized summer fish. A total of 332 prokaryotic families were identified with 26 most abundant ones; Rhodociclaceae (Proteobacteria) were dominant in autumn, Brevinemataceae (Spirocheaetota) and Fusobacteriaceae (Fusobacteriota) were especially present in winter and the Staphylococcaceae (Firmicutes) prevailed in spring. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the variation in the complex gut microbial community structure of Mediterranean grey mullets and their potential ecological role in protecting fish and preserving the aquatic environment.q 30 Mar, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-10-190.php Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is a marine fish with recognized potential for aquaculture due to its fast growth rate, high fecundity, disease resistance, and quality flesh. However, much progress has been made to overcome problems associated with aspects of cobia production, including broodstock management, fingerling production, larval-rearing, grow-out, and disease management, though, an effort is needed to ensure its sustainability. Broodstock conditioning protocols for continuous spawning as well as induced spawning via hormonal injection resulted in all-year-round seed production in cobia, but detailed information on the cost-effective dosages of various spawning hormones for maximum fecundity and larval survival needs to be investigated. Selective breeding, the application of genetics in trait selection, and the use of molecular markers could produce more viable strains to mitigate high mortality, particularly in colder climates. In addition, considering the fact cobia are carnivorous fish with a high protein requirement, it will be necessary to investigate fishmeal alternatives to reduce feeding costs. Low salinity pond culture may become a reality in the future if the cobia metabolism-physiology of nutrition at various levels of salinity is well understood. The present paper provides information on some of the options for optimizing the aquaculture performance of Rachycentron canadum. 26 Oct, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-9-189.php Kaptai Lake is the largest artificial Lake in Bangladesh. This Lake provides most of the fish stock for the people of the Hill tract. Over the years, due to various anthropogenic and environmental reasons population of Indian Major Carp (IMCs) has declined, and some native species are on the way to extinction in this Lake. Considerable research has been conducted on different aspects of lake fishery with hydrology, culture technology, fish diversity, management, threats, and mitigations, but no such consolidated report on the overall overview is not available on this Lake. This review paper has been prepared to combine all the available information along the information gap, further study of which will be helpful to enhance the Indian major carp catch and sustainable management of fish stock. 23 Oct, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-9-188.php This study focused on the effect of feed supplementation with Afrostyrax lepidophyllus fruit bean powder on some zootechnical performances of Oreochromis sp (red tilapia) fry in concrete tanks. 360 monosex fry of Oreochromis sp with an average weight of 1.95 ± 0.34g were divided into 12 happas, including 30 subjects per happa in triplicate in a completely randomized system for four food rations. TS (Imported Skreting feed), T0 (feed without supplement), T(0.1%F) (feed containing 0.1% A. lepidophyllus fruit bean powder), T(0.2%F) (food containing 0.2% fruit bean powder of A. lepidophyllus). These feeds were distributed 4 times a day to the fry at a regular time interval of 3 hours including 7 a.m., 10 a.m., 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. the fry were fed at 11% of their biomass for one month and then at 10% for six weeks. The analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the survival rates (97.66 ± 1.02%-98.66 ± 0.90%) but a trend on the rise in favor of feeds supplemented with the spice. Live weight (19.37 ± 0.47), average weight gain (16.96 ± 0.47), total length (7.80 ± 0.04), daily weight gain (0.22 ± 0.01g/d), the specific growth rate (9.12 ± 0.25g%/d) were significantly higher (p < 0> 0.05) affected regardless of the treatment considered. Total length was significantly (p < 0> 0.05) affected by the treatments. The supplementation of 0.2% of A. lepidophyllus bean powder in the feed can advantageously be used to improve the zootechnical performance of Oreochromis sp fry in the pre-fattening phase. 29 Sep, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-9-187.php Cultured fish marketing is highly entrepreneurial. It is a highly perishable commodity that deteriorates very rapidly, rendering it unfit for human consumption if kept for a long time without processing. This study aims to examine the performance of cultured fish actors (producers, processors, wholesalers, and retailers involved in the selling of fish), identify the factors influencing their performance, and identify constraints of the cultured fish market in the study area. Primary data on socioeconomic and resource characteristics were collected with the use of a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents using a multistage random sampling technique among cultured fish actors in South-Western Nigeria. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for the market profile of the actors, Market Margin (MM) estimations for the performance of actors, and multiple regression for factors affecting the performance of actors. The analyses showed that 81.70%, 37.93%, 51.47%, and 27.03% of the producers, processors, wholesalers, and retailers respectively were males. The analysis of the performance of actors showed that the Gross Profit Margin (GPM) for the producers, processors, wholesalers, and retailers are 75.26%, 16.21%, 7.63%, and 0.9%, respectively. The multiple regression results showed that the significant factors affecting the performance of actors were transport cost (p = 0.000), labour cost (p = 0.001), cost of fish purchased (p = 0.073), cost of fish sold (p = 0.000), the quantity of fish sold (p = 0.000) and access to credit (p = 0.085). Inadequate funds/capital, poor electricity, lack of good roads, and a market for the produce are the major constraints of cultured fish marketing in the study area. Conclusively, the GPM showed that the actors were all making a profit but at different rates because the cost incurred by each actor differs. 03 May, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-9-186.php This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary Aloe vera on the growth performance parameters of Oreochromis niloticus fry. A feeding trial was conducted for a month at KMFRI Sang’oro Aquaculture station and 135 fish were randomly assigned to three treatments, including a Control group (C1), a group fed with 1% Aloe vera (A1), and a group fed with 2% Aloe vera (B1). The growth parameters, including Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Weight Gain (WG), and Survival were measured. The results indicated that the administration of Aloe vera at different concentrations significantly improved the growth performance of fish. The SGR, FCR, and WG were significantly higher in fish fed with Diet B (2% Aloe vera) followed by those fed with Diet A (1% Aloe vera) compared to the Control group. The results confirmed the Alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the growth performance of fish fed with various incorporations of Aloe vera. Therefore, the study recommends the use of Aloe vera as a growth promoter in aquaculture, particularly at higher incorporation rates of 2%. 22 Mar, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-9-185.php Among anthropogenic factors polluting ecosystems and affecting living organisms, mercury, and its compounds are the most toxic. In this study, we investigated the effect of mercury ions on freshwater live-bearing fish Poecilia reticulata. The cytotoxicity of mercury was analyzed on Poecilia reticulata fry using the MTT test. Studies have shown that small concentrations of mercury can have a stimulating effect on the metabolic activity of fish cells, but at high concentrations, the mercury had a depressing effect. 15 Oct, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-184.php In order to contribute to the increase of table fish production in the world in general and particularly in Cameroon through an optimal valorization of local by-products, the zootechnical performance of Clarias gariepinus fry was evaluated in concrete tanks according to the replacement levels of soya bean meal by water hyacinth flour (Eichhornia crassipes). For this purpose, a trial was conducted at the Logbaba Intensive Aquaculture Pilot Unit (LN: 4°02’ and 4°34’; LE: 9°41’ and 9°18’). A total of 240 Clarias gariepinus fry of initial mean weight 5 ± 0.22 g were divided into 12 batches of 20 fry each into 0.5 m3 baits in concrete tanks in a completely randomized device. These fries were fed for 56 days. The feed rations consisted of 4 iso-protein feeds with 47% protein. Either T0+ (positive proof) an imported food (Coppens), T0- (Negative proof) local food without soya bean meal and two other experimental foods whose soya bean meal has been replaced at 5% (T5) and 10% (T10) by Eichhornia crassipes flour. The results obtained showed that the highest survival rate (98.33% ± 2.88%) was recorded with the imported feed T0+ and lower (93.33% ± 2.76%) with the food containing 5% water hyacinth powder. The final mean weight and daily weight gain were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher (26.08 ± 1.25 g and 1.49 ± 0.08 g/d respectively) with the T0+ diet and lower with the T1 local food (11, 92 ± 0, 90; 48 ± 0,06 g/d respectively). The average daily gain was comparable between the T5 and T10 diets (0.67 ± 0.14 g/d; 0.93 ± 0.12 g/d respectively). The specific growth rate (P &lt; 0.05) and consumption index (P &lt; 0.05) were significantly higher (2.87 % ± 0.08% g/d and 0.34 ± 0.04 respectively) compared to treatments containing 5% (T5) and 10% (T10) of water hyacinth powder (1.83 ± 0.24 g/d; 2.24 ± 0.17% g/d) and 1.08 ± 0.31; 0.66 ± 0.14) respectively. Thus, water hyacinth flour can be used to replace the soya bean meal as a protein source in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fry for optimal growth. 27 Sep, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-183.php Lake Victoria is known for its rich fish biodiversity having been home to over 500 fish species. However, over 200 species have become extinct and as a result, it is classified as a world hotspot of species loss. Some of the examples of endemic species that disappeared from the lake and are endangered include the Haplochromines and the Barbus species. The Barbus species is currently not seen in the fish landings from Lake Victoria. It is deemed to have sought refuge in the riverine ecosystems, dams and the adjacent satellite lakes within the Lake Victoria Basin. This has resulted in several gaps emerging including its current status as its taxonomical identification still remains a puzzle to many scientists. This paper, therefore, tries to unearth the foregoing by reviewing the already available literature with an emphasis on the LVB Kenyan part. The Labeobarbus altianalis is still named Barbus altianalis even in the most recent publications thus complicating further. In its distribution, the Barbus species does not occur in the lake currently but is a common candidate in the rivers, dams and satellite lakes within the basin. Some of the cited reasons for its disappearance: are predation by Lates niloticus, overfishing, competition from exotic species, pollution and climate change. However, different studies try to pinpoint its presence in some rivers and this according to an observation made in this study is due to biased sampling, which excludes some rivers in the basin. It is concluded that the taxonomic identification of Barbus species in LVB Kenya remains elusive and this has been blamed on skewed sampling with little regard to all ecosystems in the basin. The paper recommends that an elaborate simultaneous study be done in all the rivers within the LVB, Kenya to collect reliable data for use in Barbus species taxonomy and general biology. Further, county governments in the basin should develop sound policy frameworks on how to sustainably manage riverine fisheries including the domestication of the species in aquaculture. 17 Sep, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-182.php This study evaluated the use of either blue or silver vertically-suspended environmental enrichment in two experiments, with one rearing Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) for 29 days and the other rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for 98 days. In both experiments, there were no significant differences in total tank weight, gain, percent gain, feed conversion ratio, or percent mortality between tanks with either silver (unpainted aluminum) or blue vertically-suspended environmental enrichment. Individual fish total length, weight, specific growth rate, and condition factor were also not significantly different between the two colors for both fish species. These results indicate that either silver (unpainted aluminum) or blue vertically-suspended environmental enrichment can be used during the hatchery rearing of juvenile Chinook salmon or rainbow trout. 26 Aug, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-181.php This paper describes how fish can be located using sound, especially in the sea, but also in rivers and lakes. It describes the use of sound detections, including both passive and active acoustics, and it reviews each of these technologies and shows how they can be used to understand the distribution of sound-producing species and to examine information on the spawning habitats of fishes, and their spawning behavior, and also their movement patterns. Sounds generated by humans can have detrimental effects upon fishes, and some stocks of fishes are exploited close to their safe biological limits, requiring restrictions upon those human activities that may harm them. There is a need to regulate those human activities that have adverse effects on fish. 23 Aug, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-180.php To evaluate the present status of heavy metals in the sediments of river Halda, seven heavy metals, viz. Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were assessed by Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute by collecting data from 4 sampling locations (Khondokia Khal, Katakhali, Madari Khal, and Madarsha) and ecological risk impending from these metals were depicted from the study. The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the river Halda ranged from 0.89-1.04 for Cd, 24.72–67.30 for Cr, 1.16-7.58 for Cu, 27899.31-60076.37 for Fe, 476.12–1137.20 for Mn, 0.77-8.33 for Pb and 40.33–121.77 mg kg−1 for Zn, respectively. The sediment geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values showed contamination only from two heavy metals Cd (1.10 ± 0.16) and Mn (1.48 ± 0.37). The average pollution load index (PLI) (0.37 ± 0.10) showed no marks of pollution in the studied sites, however; the mean degree of contamination factor (CF) showed moderate pollution. In the present study, the highest degree of contamination was observed at Katakhali (3.79 ± 2.07) followed by three other sites. The overall degree of contamination of four sampling sites was 2.68 ± 1.84 which indicated a low degree of contamination. The concentration of Cr ranged between 24.72–67.30 mg/kg with the highest (56.7 ± 9.4, mg/kg) at Madarshah and the lowest (30.2 ± 5.1, mg/kg) at Khondokia Khal. The highest concentration of Fe, Mn, and Zn (53926.3 ± 5338.2, 980.9 ± 145.1, and 108.0 ± 13.5 mg/kg) exhibited similar results to Cu and Pb; the maximum levels were found at Madarshah and the minimum levels (33571.1 ± 5456.0, 566.7 ± 92.8 and 56.0 ± 17.9 mg/kg) at Khondokia Khal, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) (0.08 ± 0.02 to 4.16 ± 0) demonstrated none to moderate enrichment of the river. Nevertheless, the ecological risk factor (Eir) (17.83 ± 14.29 to 759.14 ± 192.26) and risk index (RI) (711.26 ± 122.55 to 1272.04 ± 175.19) exposed low to serious ecological risk for the river Halda. 06 Jun, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-179.php The conventional assessment of the specific growth rate (SGR) avoiding intermediary data is highly criticized by scholars as to the data of the beginning and the end of the production cycle usually considered for the measurement. To evaluate the SGR, the study was conducted in six concrete tanks under an outdoor laboratory shed from 10th May to 29th July 2017. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry was released at the rate of 8 fries per tank as per the recommended stocking density of 320 fishes/decimal in an intensive aquaculture system. To evaluate the experiment, sinking and floating feeds as treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 2 (T2) were used for feeding the fish, respectively. There were three replications for each treatment. During the experimental period, the feed was supplied at the rate of 20%, 15%, and 10% of the body weight in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months, respectively. The daily ration of fish was divided into two parts and delivered to fish in the morning and in the evening. Aeration facilities were installed for 24 hours using an air stone aerator. Digital balance was used for measuring the weight of fish in 3 days intervals to assume the trend of SGR while a customized scoop net was used to sample the fish minimizing the stress on the fish. The weight gains of fish were 126.08±5.65 and 132.23±1.29 for T1 and T2, respectively. The mean percent weight gain was found higher in T2 (1715.03±0.00) than in T1 (1639.43±0.00). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T1 and T2 were 1.97±0.11 and 2.13±0.18, respectively. The specific growth rates (SGR) of tilapia in T1 and T2 were 4.90±3.03 and 4.98±2.28 considering the data at the beginning and the end of the production cycle, respectively. However, the SGR for floating feed was higher at the initial stage of the production cycle and lower in the later stages. The SGR was almost static for sinking feed from the beginning to the end of the experimental period. The higher FCR in T2 was correlated with the lower SGR in the later stage of the culture period. This ascertains that the pre-determined required amount of feeding ration imparted by the farmers in case of floating feed which wastes the high-cost feed and money. Higher total production was obtained in T2 (1119.52 g) than in T1 (1070.19 g) with 100% survival in both treatments. Therefore, determining SGR in a specific interval might be a useful tool at the farmer’s level. 28 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-178.php This study evaluates the nutrient utilization and growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed alternative animal protein composite meal for 42 days. The composite meal is composed of feather meal, blood meal, tilapia meal, and maggot meal each in a 25% proportion. Five isonitrogenous diets (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) containing 40% crude protein were formulated with the composite meal replacing fish meal at 0% control (T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100%(T5) respectively. The weight gain, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate in the 75% and 100% inclusion levels were not significantly different from the control diet. Fish survival ranged between 90-95% with the highest weight gain of 10.57g observed in the 100% inclusion level. The Feed conversion ratio varied between (1.17 and 1.37). The results from growth, feed utilization, and survival levels showed an overall good growth of the fish in the experimental diets, and this indicates that the composite meal is a potential replacement for fish meal in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. 23 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-177.php The objective of this study was to establish an effective method of artificial reproduction and larval rearing to improve the fry production of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Thus, a hormonal treatment using ovaprim was used to induce maturity in males and females. Two breeding trials were first conducted on captive populations by crossing a male and female Senegalese strain (♂ss/♀ss), and a male and female Beninese strain (♂bs/♀bs). A third reproduction test was carried out by crossing ♀ss/♂bs and ♂ss/♀bs but for this test, the ♀ss and ♂ss are wild breeders that were collected from the natural environment. For the first two breeding tests (♂ss/♀ss and ♂bs/♀bs, respectively), fertilized eggs either did not hatch or some hatched but the fry did not survive. Although the number of broodstock used in these first two breeding tests is small, this lack of hatching and poor larval survival may reflect inbreeding depression. The third breeding test was successful as females and males, respectively, produced large quantities of eggs (13g of eggs for ♀ss and 32g of eggs for ♀bs) and sufficient quantities of sperm to fertilize the eggs (approximately 12g for the Benin strain and 5g for the Senegal strain). Hatching rates of 90% and 60% were obtained for the ♀ss/♂bs and ♀bs/♂ss breeding’s, respectively, after incubation of fertilized eggs on water hyacinth (natural substrate) and pompon (artificial substrate). Comparisons of growth rates of larvae fed two different diets (combination of natural and artificial food, and artificial food alone) showed that artificial food alone was more effective for growth, especially after one month of rearing. The high larval mortalities recorded especially at the end of the experiment were mainly due to poor water quality. Thus, this study provided a better understanding of the conditions in the hatchery and larval culture systems that are critical to the success of artificial reproduction and optimal growth of C. gariepinus fry. 23 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-176.php The study was conducted on the nutritional and biochemical composition of the Moringa oleifera plant (Seed, Seed Cake, and leaf meal) at two different locations. The proximate and mineral composition were carried out at the Central Laboratory of the National Institute for Fresh-water Fisheries Research (NIFFR), New Bussa, Niger State, while the Biochemical and phytochemical analyses were conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The result for the proximate composition of the M. oleifera plant revealed that the moisture content for the M. oleifera leaves sample (8.88 ± 0.39%) was significantly higher when compared with the M. oleifera seed (4.81 ± 0.99%) and seed cake (7.43 ± 0.24%) while the seed having the lowest moisture content (4.81 ± 0.99). The crude protein content for M. oleifera seed cake (53.23 ± 0.42) was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of M. oleifera seed (40.66 ± 0.34%) and the leaves meal had the lowest crude protein (27.26 ± 0.55). The ash contents for M. oleifera leaves meal (10.61 ± 0.14%) were significantly higher compared with M. oleifera seed cake (8.34 ± 0.07%), and the seed had the lowest ash content (3.44 ± 0.14%). The lipid content of M. oleifera leaves meal (17.17 ± 0.65%) was significantly higher when compared with M. oleifera seed, and the seed cake had the lowest lipid content (13.51 ± 1.23). The fiber content for M. oleifera seed (17.08 ± 0.61) was significantly higher when compared with M. oleifera leaves meal (8.91 ± 0.33%), and the seed has the lowest fiber content (2.48 ± 0.16). The NFE for M. oleifera leaves meal (27.17 ± 0,45%) was significantly higher when compared with M. oleifera seed (18.24 ± 0.94), and the seed cake had the least NFE content (15.02 ± 1.42%). The result of mineral composition showed that the plant contained a higher amount of some minerals; This includes potassium, calcium sodium, magnesium, and manganese. For the amino acid composition, it clearly stated that the plant contains some essential and non-essential amino acids. The results of the phytochemical test revealed that all the plant parts analyzed contain anti-nutritional factors. Further research should be carried out to test the nutritional and biochemical values of Moringa oleifera seed cake and leaf meal using culture fish species. 27 Apr, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-175.php This study was designed to investigate the physiological and biochemical response of the diatom microalgae Halamphora sp. (SB1 MK575516.1) to the toxicity of lead (Pb) as well as its ability as phytoremediation. Four different concentrations of Pb (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1) were applied for 10 days. Fatty acid profile, mineral composition, secondary metabolite contents, and physiological responses have been determined in Halamphora biomass. We found that this metal was mainly removed by bio adsorption on cell surfaces and that Halamphora sp. could acclimatize upon long-term exposure to Pb stress. A decrease in the cell’s number and size, polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as mineral content in Halamphora sp were observed under Pb stress. However, an increase in polyphenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid contents has been recorded at 100 mg Pb L-1, with stimulation of the antioxidant capacity as measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. An increase in MDA, proline, and H2O2 levels were also observed. On the other hand, the deleterious effect of Pb resulting from the cellular oxidative state can be alleviated by the enzymatic system such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). The present study indicates the ability of Halamphora sp. to remove heavy metals from the aquatic environment and produce antioxidant biomolecules. 10 Mar, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-174.php The study was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and was carried out for twelve (12) months from March 2018 to February 2019 with a view to represent the trading diagram of ornamental fish in Bangladesh. During the current study 270 varieties (230 freshwater, 36 marine, and 4 brackish water) belong to 149 species (109 freshwater 73%, 36 marines 24%, and 4 brackish water 3%) of 38 families under 10 orders and 6 crossbreeds’ varieties were recorded. Considering the number of species maximum 83 (55.70%) was found under the order Perciformes followed by Cypriniformes 24 (16.10%), Characiformes 18 (12.08%), Siluriformes 11 (7.38%), Osteoglossiformes 05 (3.35%), Atheriniformes 03 (2.01%), Lepisosteiformes 02 (1.34%), Polypteriformes 01 (0.6%), Myliobatiformes 01 (0.67%) and Cyprinodontiformes 01 (0.67%). The top five popular species were guppy (13.16%) followed by goldfish (12.39%), molly (8.54%), angelfish (6.23%), platy (5.93%). Most of the ornamental fish species were imported by importers from Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, and Japan on the basis of demand. Then the imported shipment of aquarium fish and fish products was distributed among Dhaka Katabon fish shops, wholesalers, and retailers, according to their given order. After that, these were again distributed locally, to aquarium shops, breeders, ornamental fish farms all over the country. General customers and hobbyists purchase ornamental fish and aquarium products from local aquarium shops and businesses. The increasing tendency of the number of fish species was 5.96 times in the last 15 years and 3.31 times in the last 10 years. Local farms and aquarists’ breeders bred 76 varieties under 23 species due to its high demand and profitability. Pricing varied on varieties, species, size, and breeding status (local or abroad), availability and ranged from BDT 40.00-80,000.00 per pair. Considering the findings, aquarium fisheries is highly profitable at present and it will be a potential sector in Bangladesh. 17 Feb, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-8-173.php In order to assess epidemiological aspects of myxosporean infection in cultured Oreochromis niloticus and Hemichromis fasciatus fishes in Cameroon to develop efficient prevention and control program, a total of 320 Cichlid fishes (189 Oreochromis niloticus and 131 Hemichromis fasciatus) were collected from June 2019 to April 2020 in the ponds located at the Ngoundoup Village, Koutaba Subdivision, Noun Division, Region of West-Cameroon. They were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for myxosporean infections. The prevalence of infection was determined as a function of fish species, sex, size, target organs, and seasons. Results showed that kidneys and ovaries were the only infected organs and harbored nine and three myxosporean species of the genus Myxobolus respectively. A total of 154 fish were infected (54.38%). Irrespective of the parasite species, Oreochromis niloticus (75.13%) was significantly more infected than Hemichromis fasciatus (24.27%). The prevalence of parasites was very low (&lt;25%) whatever the fish species. The sex and fish size did not significantly influence the prevalence of parasite species. The prevalence of Myxobolus tilapiae was negatively and significantly correlated (r= -0.20; p= 0.02) with Oreochromis niloticus size. The overall prevalence was significantly higher during the dry season (88.76%) than during the rainy (75.31%) and the transitional (20.29%) seasons. Oreochromis niloticus was not infected during the transitional season while Hemichromis fasciatus was more infected (p&lt;0.001) during the dry season (26.84%) followed by the rainy (15.80%) and the transitional (10.32%) seasons. The high prevalence of myxosporeans infection may decrease the fish farming yield. The epidemiological data recorded help develop prevention and control strategies to boost the production of Oreochromis niloticus and Hemichromis fasciatus in Cameroon. 05 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-172.php Age, growth, and mortality of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were studied from a small-scaled fishery of Bardawil lagoon, (North Sinai, Egypt). 181 specimens (16.6 to 35 cm total Length and 39.8 to 367.2 g total weight). The relationship between length and weight was W = 0.0054L3.1428. Age was determined by otoliths and age groups I to IV years were observed. Growths in length and weight at the end of each year were calculated. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were calculated as (L∞ = 48.69 cm, K = 0.1677 yr -1 and t0 = -0.447 yr -1). Growth performance index was calculated (φ = 2.60 for length and 1.25 for weight). Mortality rates were 0.867 yr-1, 0.25 yr1and 0.617 yr-1 for total, natural and fishing mortality, respectively. The currently exploitation rate E = 0.712 yr-1 indicating that, the population of this species is being heavily exploited. 04 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-171.php The growth and survival are considered as the crucial factors that should be taken into consideration in any aquaculture system. The experiment was aimed to evaluate the growth performance and subsequent survival rate of the rohu (Labeo rohita) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). It is important to evaluate the growth responses in relation to Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and assessment of the total production of the culture unit. As per the recommended stocking density of 320 fishes/decimal in intensive aquaculture system 8 fry per tank was released to assess the growth performance, survival and production of both rohu (T1) and tilapia (T2). During experimental period, there were three replications for each treatment and feed was supplied at the rate of 12%, 8%, and 4% of the body weight of rohu and 20%, 15%, and 10% of the body weight of tilapia in 1st, 2nd and 3rd month for T1 and T2, respectively. The initial weight of individual tilapia was 7.52±1.81 gm and 14.75±0.19 gm for T1 and T2, respectively. The mean final weight was 44.01±4.03 g for T1 and 139.94±1.29 for T2. The weight gains of fish were 36.49±4.09 gm and 125.19±1.29 gm for T1 and T2, respectively. The mean percent weight gain of tilapia was higher in T2 (1715.05±0.00) than T1 (485.23±0.00). The Specific Growth Rates (SGR) of T1 and T2 were found 4.98±2.28 and 6.26 ±3.83, respectively. There was significant difference (p>0.05) in term of SGR between the treatments. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in T1 and T2 were 2.86±0.14 and 2.23±0.18, respectively. Higher total production was obtained in T2 (1119.52 gm) than T1 (278.19 gm) with 100% survival in both the treatments. The water quality parameters for both of the species were within the suitable range. This study reveals a promising arena for fish culture in tank-based intensive aquaculture system as an efficient way of overcoming the scarcity of water and land. This culture system may be an excellent way of producing fish in a small parcel of land with securing the propitious production and expected outcomes within a limited period of time. 30 Sep, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-170.php During present study period from October 2020 to April 2021, gilthead seabream Sparus aurata stock was estimated by using many assessment models to evaluate actual status on Bardawil lagoon. Length at first capture (Lc) was 17.10 and 16.70 cm for females and males respectively, but it was 16.9 cm for all individuals that corresponding age at first capture (tc= 2.49 year). Length at first recruit Lr was 10.70 and 9.70 cm for females and males, respectively, corresponding age tr= 0.77 year. The length at first maturity was Lm= 18.18 cm that corresponding age tm= 2.85 years. Virtual population analysis shows some of intensive capture on S. aurata at its early life’s. Yield per recruit and biomass per recruit tend to collapse as a result of high fishing mortalities. The current study concludes an exact overfishing pressure of S. aurata stock in Bardawil lagoon. 20 Jul, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-169.php This study investigates the effect of pawpaw seed meal using various level of inclusion in regulating procreation in Oreochromis niloticus (gift strain) via morphology (percentage defective sperm cells) as well as gonads using biomarkers. The pawpaw seed powder was compounded to a 2mm tilapia feed at 35% crude protein at 2, 4 and 6g per kg diet. A total of twenty (20) fingerlings (10 males and 10 females) with average weight of 20g were randomly allotted in triplicate into concrete ponds (1m x 1m x 1 0.8m) of 600 litres capacity with control. The Tilapia fish was nourished at 4% body weight per day in dual portions at 09.00 – 09.30 hours and 17.00 – 17.30 hours. The experiment lasted for 60 days. Minor tissue damage (testes) was observed in fingerlings fed PSM at a level of 2h/kg while disintegration of a lot of cells occurred at increased dietary levels of PSM (4g and 6g per kg diet) which resulted to lack of spermatids and oocytes in the fish testes. Hence, it is useful in battling difficulties of over-population of tilapia in fish pond. Aside infertility, there were no observable contrary effect from pawpaw seeds consumption. Therefore, safe usage of 6 g PSM per kg diet for sixty (60) days is recommended for economic efficiency of fish farms. Further research is required on reducing the antinutrient substances (carpaine) in pawpaw seed so that it can be safely use as an additive in feeds. 27 May, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-168.php This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary inclusion effect of ginger-garlic mixture on growth, feed nutrient utilization and whole-body composition of Clarias gariepinus fry. Fry weighing 1.2±0.01g were divided into four triplicate treatments before being fed with diets containing 0mg (D0 or control), 50mg (D1), 100mg (D2) and 200mg (D3) of ginger-garlic mixture /kg diet (1:1 proportion) for 56 days. Fish were fed at the rate of 10% of their body weight and every 14 days, intermediate sampling was done during which fry per treatment were counted, measurements taken on a representative sample and the feeding rate adjusted. Main water parameters were recorded daily before feeding. The results obtained indicate that, adding ginger-garlic blend in the diet enhanced significantly growth, feed nutrients utilization and retention as well as whole-body composition of C. gariepinus fry depending to the inclusion level. Fish fed with the highest supplemented level (200mg/kg diet) have recorded a final weight of 25.5±0.16g, with a weight gain (WG) of 24.34±0.16g, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.46±0.01 and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of 1.53±0.02. These parameters were significantly different to those recorded in fish fed with control diet (final weight=17.02±0.27g, WG=15.23±0.28g, FCR=2.03±0.01, and PER=1.10±0.01). Similar trend to growth parameters was observed with macro-nutrient retention (protein=36.2±0.33%, lipid=29.1±0.33%, ash=23.13±0.68% and energy=24.99±0.25%) as compared to control (protein=24.94±0.01%, lipid=21.91±0.01%, ash=13.40±0.01% and energy=18.00±0.01%) Thus, the improvement in growth induced by the feed addition of ginger-garlic mixture could be largely attributed to the synergistic actions of the bioactive molecules contained in each phyto-additive on the functioning of the digestive system as well as to their hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties. 13 May, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-167.php Labeo calbasu is an important game fish in the ponds and reservoirs where it can be cultivate along with Indian major carp and exotic major carp. The present study provides comparative information of age and growth of L. calbasu. Age and growth increment was recorded by obtaining samples of Labeo calbasu during 2003-2004 from the fish market along the Ken river, Paisuni river and Tons river (Bundelkhand region). The age of fishes was recorded to be 6+ in the Ken river, 5+ in the Paisuni river while 7+ in the Tons river. The formation of growth ring occurred annually. The maximum mean length 21.3 cm was recorded for in 1+ age from the Paisuni river. Overall, mean length of fishes for 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+ and 6+ age groups was recorded higher in the Tons river compared to Paisuni and Ken rivers. Hence, the Tons river is more suitable for the growth of L. calbasu. 12 Jan, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-166.php The existence of honeybees in the ecosystem has a significant effect in worldwide agricultural production. While searching for food, the honeybee is often exposed to several contaminants or poisoning materials such as plant protection products like pesticides. The aim of this work was to assess and identify the effect of commonly used pesticides from various groups (herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides) on honeybees’ health and their products. For the study, purposive sampling was used in selecting the districts and Rural Kebeles (RKs) while random sampling was used in selecting sample enumeration sites and respondents from each household. For the analysis, SPSS statistical software package version 20 and descriptive statistics were used to determine the effects of pesticides on honeybees. The result showed that from a total of 138 farmers interviewed, 97.1% were pesticide users. Out of the total pesticides used in the area, it was categorized 55.80% as herbicides, 18.80% as insecticides, and 25.36% as fungicides. The current assessment indicated that 72.46% of pesticides were applied in the main cropping season and only 27.54% applied in the second cropping season and 50% of them have chosen early morning (6:00-12:00 am) as an appropriate time to spray. According to this study, 66.67% apply pesticides before the crops blooming, 30.43% both before and during the crops on blooming, and 2.90% of farmers were non-chemical users. As sample respondents reported only 50.7% of the beekeepers located their apiary site by considering the distance between the apiary site and farmland. The current assessment showed that as a negative result of pesticides on honeybees 914, 1012, and 335 loss were recorded due to mass dead, absconded, and dwindled in the study area respectively. It was also assessed that the economic loss that occurred was anticipated due to the honeybees colony dead, absconded, and dwindled were 198,728.15, 220,922.45, and 73,227.49 US$ respectively in the study districts. The result revealed that 71.7% of sample respondents are not aware of the proper use of pesticides. Therefore, it is important to note that well programmed and organized training is required for both crop producers and beekeeper farmers in Ethiopia and particularly in Bale where the belt of wheat and barley production is very high and requires heavy pesticides. 08 Jan, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-7-165.php The beauty of hard outer protective layer of shells is admire by each and everyone. According to Hindu mythology some shells of Turbunaria sp.are believed to be the sacred reflection to the God Vishnu. From the ancient days the chank is considered as holy. Seashells are found in wide range of colors, sheds, tones and texture. 30 Sep, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-164.php The World Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) [1] predict that the world’s population will reach over 9 billion within 2050, which is approximately 34% higher than today. Nearly all this population increase is expected to occur in developing countries. Urbanization will also continue at an accelerated pace, and about 70% of the world’s population will become urban over next 3 decades (compared to 49% today). In addition, income levels in 2050 will be many multiples of what they are now. Hence, the biggest challenge in the future will be to find ways to feed this larger, more urban, and richer population. FAO has forecasted sea catches to stop growing at 85 – 90 million tonnes a year and all incremental demands would have to be met by culturing. 03 Sep, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-163.php The genus Anguilla comprises 16 species and three subspecies of freshwater eels, which can be further divided into marbled and plain eels in terms of skin coloration on their backs. Owing to the overlap of geographical distributions between most marbled and plain eels in tropical/subtropical regions, the co-existence of marbled and plain eels in the same river is common. To understand the correlation between eel skin color and its habitat preference in the river, the distribution patterns of all anguillid eels were collected and analyzed. Results showed that all marbled eels distribute in tropical/subtropical areas and preferred the middle/upper reaches. The plain eels distributed both in temporal and tropical/subtropical areas, and preferred to inhabit the middle/lower reaches and estuaries. Plain skin coloration may help them easily remain hidden in a sandy and muddy environment, which is common in estuaries and lower reaches of rivers in tropical/subtropical areas, while mottled skin coloration more easily blends in with substrates such as cobble, gravel, and fallen leaves which are commonly found in the upper reaches of rivers in the tropical/subtropical areas. The different habitat preference between marbled and plain eels in the tropical/subtropical areas are likely a result of adaptive evolution to avoid potential interspecific competition, and this finding is meaningful for developing applicable management plans for eels. 24 Aug, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-162.php The first feed company was set up at Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh named as “Water Base” in the year 1992. The Indian aqua industry has collaborated with East Asian countries like Taiwan, Thailand etc. All the machinery and 83% of raw materials are imported from East Asian Countries. The R&D aspects are also imported from other countries but in India, the research and development departments are still underdeveloped. A sample of 200 dealers was taken for the purpose of this study with a structured questionnaire was drafted and distributed to dealers for collecting the primary data. Applying the theoretical models and the related statistical tools, the data collected by the researcher in the form of primary and secondary data, the hypothesis were tested and arrived at conclusions on the problem. 20 Aug, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-161.php The extraordinarily genetically complex Nidovirus is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. This diversified group of viruses has a higher degree of RNA recombination due to its large nested arrangements of sub-genomic mRNA. This is considered to be crucial for accelerating the evolutionary process and pathogenesis of the virus resulting in enhancing their adaptation to rapidly changing environment as well as upgrading them to infect a broad range of host. In general, Nidoviruses are an alarming group of pathogens of terrestrial animals but they have, of late, started affecting a wide range of aquatic animals such as fish and shellfish since the last 20 years. The common Nidoviruses reported from aquatic animals are Bafinivirus i.e. White bream virus, Fathead minnow virus, Chinook salmon bafinivirus from fish; Yellow head virus, Gill-associated virus from shrimp; Eriocheir sinensis ronivirus from crab; Harbour seal coronavirus, Beluga whale coronavirus, Bottlenose dolphin coronavirus from marine mammals. The clinical symptoms associated with this virus infection are mainly noticed in the skin, eye, anterior kidney, spleen and liver whereas gill, lymphoid organ, haemopoietic tissue, midgut, cuticular epithelium, heart, haemocytes in shrimps and ecdysal gland in crabs are the primary target organs of Nidoviruses. It has gained considerable importance in the research area of aquatic animal health with the discovery of first fish Nidovirus in cyprinids but the prevalence, host range, route of infection, mode of transmission and diagnosis of the virus are required to be explored in detail to evaluate the significant risk of Nidoviruses and to control the future outbreak of diseases in aquatic animals. 27 Jul, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-160.php As the population of Nigeria continue to increase rapidly, there is corresponding increase in demand for food. In order to secure food security of the growing human population, it is imperative that a suitable agricultural production system that will meet the increasing demand for food be embraced. An important way of increasing agricultural production is through Integrated Aquaculture (IA). IA is known to diversify production thereby ensuring increase productivity and profitability in an ecofriendly manner. This project assesses the productivity of IA as a method of increasing food production. Two integrated combinations, Fish, Rice cum Poultry (FRPo) and Fish, Rice cum Pig (FRPi) were studied for production performance for period of one year. Comparison between productivity of (FRPo), (FRPi) and single system of production of fish, rice, poultry and pig were carried out. Seventeen farms (five fish farms, five poultry farms, five pig production farms and two rice plantations) were selected for the comparison based on their close proximity with the research site so as to reduce spatial error and error due to the influence of climate and weather. Production performance data were monitored daily in the IA systems and in-depth interview was used to collect information on single system of production of rice, fish, poultry and pig. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and frequency using SPSS version 22. The result of production performance showed that the average weight of fish under FRPo at 12 weeks was 309.9±1.78g; the feed conversion ratio and percentage survivability of the fish under this system were 1.39 and 72.6 respectively; while twenty five kilogram of rice was harvested per 50m². Also, the average weight of fish under FRPi at 12 weeks was 179±1.3g; the feed conversion ratio and percentage survivability of the fish under this system were 1.25 and 50 respectively; twenty eight kilogram of rice was harvested per 50m² under FRPi. The average feed conversion ratio and percentage survivability of fish under the single system of production studied were 1.1 and 78.99 respectively and average weight of rice harvested per 50m² was 11.3kg. Integrated fish farming was more productive and profitable than unitary system of farming as it ensured a spread of financial risk because of its varied and diversified nature in rearing of fish, animals and crops. The research studied also shows that IA offers cost saving strategy of operation in the manner that conserve the ecosystem by converting wastes to resources. IA therefore is a more productive system than the unitary system of production. 06 Jul, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-159.php Diversity of fish species of Beles and Gilgel Beles Rivers were studied. Fishes were sampled using gill nets of various stretched mesh sizes, and hooks and lines. Identification of fish was made to species level by comparing the sample characters with taxonomic keys found in literatures and specimens deposited. Shannon diversity index (H`) was used to evaluate species diversity of fishes. A total of 1124 individual fishes belonging to 5 orders, 7 families, 13 genera and 23 species were caught in Beles and Gilgel Beles Rivers. Cyprinidae was best-represented family with the highest number of fish species in the rivers while Labeo and Labeobarbus were the best-represented genera. A higher number of species were recorded in the Beles River (22 species) than in the Gilgel Beles River (5 species). The diversity index was higher in the Beles River (H´=2.43) than in the Gilgel Beles River (H´ = 0.88). In general, Beles River is richer than Gilgel Beles River, in terms of total numbers of fish caught and number of species recorded. In order to have a better knowledge of the fish populations in the study area, further studies are required on diversity, abundance and biology of the fishes. Therefore, sustainable utilization and conservation measures should be taken in the two rivers. 01 Jul, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-158.pdf Phytate is not hydrolyzed by fish because natural phytase activity not present in some agastric fishes, phytate is present in grain products as the main form of phosphorus. The present study was aimed to check the effect of phytase supplementation on muscle proximate composition in Labeo rohita fingerlings that are fed by phytase supplemented distiller’s dried grain with soluble. Six experimental diets were prepared by supplementing phytase at graded levels. D1 diet contains no supplemented phytase, while, D2, D3, D4, D5 contain 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 FTU/kg phytase, respectively. The experiment continues for eight weeks. Water quality parameters including pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were controlled throughout the experiment. Results were analyzed through the Student-Newman-Keuls test for significant differences. Supplementation of phytase decreased the moisture and fat content of muscles in L. rohita fingerlings. Supplementation of phytase increases the crude protein and crude ash content of muscles in L. rohita fingerlings. In conclusion, phytase showed randomized responses to muscle composition. 18 Jun, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-157.php Indiscriminate use of insecticides has increased many folds in the recent times. Farmers for the better yield of crops, are widely utilising the pesticides. 17 Jun, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-156.php Length-weight relationship, Fulton Condition Factor, Sex ratio and fecundity of Labeobarbus intermedius and Labeo forskalii of Beles and Gilgel Beles Rivers were studied. Fishes were sampled using gill nets of various stretched mesh sizes, and hooks and lines. A total of 548 Labeobarbus intermedius and Labeo forskalii fishs were caught in Beles and Gilgel Beles Rivers. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the Fulton condition factor of fishes. The length-weight relationships were curvilinear for L. forskalii and L. intermedius in both rivers. L. forskalii showed isometric growth while L. intermedius exhibited positive allometric growth in Beles and Gilgel Beles Rivers. L. forskalii and L. intermedius were found to be in better condition in both rivers (ANOVA, P < 0> 0.05). Females were more numerous than males in the total sexed specimens. Absolute fecundity of L. intermedius increased with an increase in fish size, and ranged from 1535 to 13864 with a mean of 3173 eggs. In general, L. forskalii and L. intermedius were found in better condition in Gilgel Beles and Beles Rivers, respectively. Therefore, sustainable utilization and conservation measures should be taken in the two rivers. 28 May, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-155.php The major challenge of fish production is to develop high quality low cost fish feed which indicates the importance of low cost aquaculture technology. 22 May, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-154.php The effects of salinity on the variation of egg and oocyte densities and reproduction rate in the euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii was investigated under natural and controlled conditions. 12 May, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-153.php Length frequency data of Rainbow Sardines, Dussumieria acuta were collected and measured from the coast of Pakistan during 2015, ranging from 5 to 19 cm (total length). Weight ranges were measured from 2 to 64 g. The length frequency data were analysed for the estimation of population dynamics, so b was estimated at 2.70. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters of 19.95 cm (L∞) and 0.730 year-1 (K). The mortality rate Z= 1.84 year-1, M= 1.59 year-1 F= 0.25 year-1 and E= F/Z= 0.135. The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 1, Fmax was 1 year-1. Currently, the age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.25 year-1. Therefore, Fcurrent was smaller than Fmax. With Gulland method, the biological reference point for fishery (Fopt) was estimated as 1.59 year1, which is also higher than current fish mortality. Therefore, the present study shows that the Dussumieria acuta fishery is safe in Pakistan. 12 May, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-152.php A twelve weeks nutritional study was carried out to study the effect Zingiber officinale on the growth performance, blood profiles, eggs and sperm quality of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). in which juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were fed Five diets containing 35% CP were formulated having varying inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 %) of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for Diet 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. One hundred (100) juvenile African catfish (94.24±0.02g) were randomly selected, divided into five dietary treatments and stocked at the rate of 10 juveniles per tank (120L) and replicated two times. The fish were fed add libitum twice daily and weight changes were recorded every two weeks. At the end of the feeding trials, blood samples were taken, the sperm and egg sacs were excised from the fish samples selected and the sperm and eggs were collected for analysis. Data collected on weight changes, feed-intake, blood parameters and sperm volume, percentage motility, sperm density, percentage livability and death percentage were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). 18 Apr, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-151.php Among all the animal protein sources, fish is the best dietary animal protein source due to the presence of less saturated fat and readily available in the market. A survey on fish availability in the fish market has pasteurized the seasonal availability of the different species of fishes 18 Feb, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-150.php Fish species of rivers Ayima, Alatish, and Gelegu were studied from samples collected by 6, 8, 10,12 and 14 cm stretched mesh size gillnet, monofilament of different mesh size, hook-lines, fykenet and castnet. The fishes were collected during October, 2008 to January, 2009. The samples were collected in the dry season and wet season. 20 fish species were identified from two rivers, but fish was not sampled from Alatish River due to its short lived seasonality, and these are included in the families Centropomidae, Cichlidae, Bagridae, Clariidae, Mochokidae, Osteoglossidae, Characidae, Citharinidae and Cyprinidae. A higher number of species was recorded from river Ayima with 20 species, whereas only two species were identified from Gelegu River. Fishing activities was destructive type, using plant poisoning materials, and chemicals (Malathion) which is non selective and dangerous for all biota. 06 Feb, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-6-149.php A ten weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of bitter kola on the growth performance, hematology and sperm quality of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Six diets of 40% crude protein were formulated with different inclusion levels of bitter kola seed meal. Diet1 (control) has 0g/kg of the seed meal while Diet2, Diet3, Diet4, Diet5 and Diet6 contained 50g/kg, 100g/kg, 150g/kg, 200g/kg, 250g/kg bitter kola seed meal(BKSM) respectively. A total of sixty (60) healthy juvenile Clarias gariepinus were randomly selected and distributed in into twelve (12) plastic tanks at stocking rate of five (5) fish per tank and the experiment was replicated twice. Fish were fed twice a day, morning (8;00hr) and evening (17:00hrs) for ten weeks, At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were collected from the fish samples for haematological analysis and growth rate were determined. 20 Nov, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-5-148.php Growth performance of 120 fi sh fi ngerlings of Tilapia sparmanni stocked in three rectangular tanks was evaluated after feeding on three different formulated chicken feeds for eight weeks. Fish wet weights and lengths were measured after every two weeks, they indicated considerable increase. 04 Nov, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-5-147.php Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is one of the most popular aquaculture fi sh species in the world. However, among several challenges, the presence of pathogenic bacteria causes high economic losses. Thus, the main objective of this study was to isolate and identify the potent bacterial pathogens from Nile tilapia reared at Hawassa Fish Research and Multiplication Station, Ethiopia. 05 Aug, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-5-146.pdf The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of water depth on the growth performance (length and weight) of table size Indian major carp (Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala) fishes. 05 Aug, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-5-146.php The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of water depth on the growth performance (length and weight) of table size Indian major carp (Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala) fi shes. Fishes were recorded under different depth (1.20 m, 1.80 m and 2.80 m) for about eight months from February 2016 to September 2016. Water depth was considered as treatment 1 (T1) for 1.20 m, treatment 2 (T2) for 1.80 m and treatment 3 (T3) for 2.80 m, respectively. 26 Jun, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-5-145.php The impact of Temperature and other physical parameters on the size of planktonic organisms is widely known. The paper is focused on the impact of fish feeding habits on the phytoplankton and zooplankton body size in Lake Kinneret. The issue is comparatively considered with its implications in the marine environment. The study is relevant within the actual global trend of climate change of warming impact on freshwater and marine biota. Principal conclusion is that the planktonic organisms body size, in freshwater or marine ecosystems, is a dependant of complex interaction with significant impact of fish feeding habits. The most common species, the Bleaks, is a zooplanktivorous feeder through all its life cycle stages; Young stages (&lt;5g) of Sarotherodon galilaeus are zooplanktivore whilst older stages are filter feeders which preferably utilize Peridinium if available but increased density of zooplankton prey was documented since late 1990’s after the decline of Peridinium availability. The complexity of the processes involved include chemical, physical and biological conditions which are prominently related to temperature and fish consumption. 22 Feb, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-5-144.php Landlocked fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Oahe, South Dakota, USA return to a remote spawning station either already having ovulated (ripe) or with the eggs still retained in the ovary (green). This study documented the ovulation status of female salmon upon arrival at the station and recorded subsequent egg survival to determine the possible impact of different frequencies of spawning operations. The ovulation status of forty-one Chinook salmon was determined upon their arrival at the spawning station in October, 2017. Fish that arrived post-ovulation were spawned as soon as possible, and the resulting eggs maintained discretely until the eyed stage of egg development. 22 Oct, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-143.php Bacteriological examination of six brands of bottled drinking water samples produced by different bottled water producers in Nigeria was carried out to compare their bacterial quality. The bottled drinking water were bought from various sales outlets in Nigeria. The biochemical characteristics of the isolates and the sugar fermentation reactions of the isolates were studied. Results of the bacteriological examination showed varied degrees of bacterial load. Causes of contamination of the bottled drinking water and recommendations for improving their microbial quality were also highlighted. 26 Sep, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-142.php There is a huge potential in freshwater aquaculture in the EU and in other countries in the World. As for the World food demand fish had the second highest consumption levels, at 27.9 percent in 2014. There will be a sharp increase in demand for fish and aquaculture products as the UN FAO projects around 9 billion people living our planet by 2050. The economy has already started its adaptation. 25 Sep, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-141.php Freshwater fisheries has a significant contribution to development as an important source of human proteins as well as in sport fishing and aquarium. Despite their importance, both wild and aquaculture fish suffer from a problem of parasitism, notably Diplostomum species, causing fish mortalities particularly in fingerlings. Although a considerable effort in understanding Diplostomum species taxonomy, biology and control of fish parasites has been well developed in the northern hemisphere, the knowledge of these aspects in Africa is not clearly known. 28 Aug, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-140.php Environmental enrichment can be an effective tool to improve rearing efficiencies during hatchery production. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two different vertically-suspended arrays in circular tanks on the growth of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Treatments consisted of an array of suspended aluminum rods, an array of suspended aluminum angles, or no suspended structures (control) in this 141 day study. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in fish reared in tanks containing either of the suspended structures compared to unenriched control tanks. The use of either vertical rods or angles is recommended during rainbow trout rearing in circular tanks, although using angles may be more desirable because they require less material to construct. 24 Aug, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-139.php Study conducted in Kwanza, Trans-Nzoia County to determine the colonization pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in earthen fish ponds. This was done to ascertain the right stocking time of ponds when the natural fish food is in plenty. Two ponds were used for this study; one was treated with organic manure while the other was not fertilized. Sampling for physico-chemical parameters were then taken immediately after filling the ponds and repeated weekly for six weeks while benthic macroinvertebrates were first sampled after week 1 and repeated weekly for six weeks. The results obtained were compared between the two treatments and per treatment over time. There were significant differences in most parameters over the weeks and between the treatments. Attainment of suitable conditions for stocking was however at week 3 for fertilized and week 4 for the non-fertilized contrary to the usual two week period advised by most procedures. 05 Jul, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-138.php The present work aimed to estimate the toxicity of cadmium and their common carp Cyprinus carpio fish, as well as the effect of different concentrations of Cadmium and some haematological parameters. such as, the red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) Survival mortality was observed in the blood of Common carp Cyprinus carpio treated with Abutilon indicum extract and the result showed that the RBC counts, WBC counts, Hb, Survival mortality were much increased when compared to the control. 8, 16, 24 and 32 of RBC, WBC, and haemoglobin, Survival mortality levels were P<0> significantly elevated in the experimental fish over the control and the WBC level was decreased significantly P<0> in experimental fish. 22 May, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-137.php Koto Panjang Reservoir is the largest reservoir in Riau Province, there are many efforts of floating net cage (KJA) by using feed (pellet) continuously. As a result of many feeds that settle in the bottom of the waters because it is not consumed by the fish. 14 Feb, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-136.php Present paper deals with the study of Physico-chemical parameters of Urinjikulam pond, Thiruthangal (Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu). Monthly variations in the physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, pH (7.5 to 8.8), dissolved oxygen (1.62-5.92 mg/L), total alkalinity (81-271mg/L), total hardness (48 to 364mg/L), chlorides (11 to 1030mg/L), Phosphate (0.36 to 2.86mg/L) and nitrate (0 to 0.40mg/L) were investigated. All the parameters were beyond the permissible limits. 18 Jan, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-135.php Fishery provides a multitude of benefits ranging from employment to food security. Investigating the factors affecting fishing income and the fishing environment are crucial entry points for efficiency maximization intervention. A survey was conducted in all Woredas’ adjacent to Lake Tana. Data was gathered using household survey and focus group discussions and analyzed by a linear regression model. The results indicated that the fishery in Lake Tana is comprised of diverse individuals in relation to occupation, engagement intensity and membership to cooperatives. Fish related income was positively correlated to years of schooling and ownership of motorized boat while negatively correlated to membership to fish cooperatives. Interventions aimed at improving the market infrastructure, delivery of major fishery inputs, training on processing and use of by-products, revising the membership requirements and enforcement of fishery related laws are critical for sustainability of the fishery resource. 13 Jan, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-4-134.php This report documents the gross pathological appearance, histopathology and ultra-structural studies of the ocular abnormalities previously reported in farmed Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus). 37% of eyes investigated were normal on gross and histopathological examination while 32% showed formation of an intraocular cyst in the choroid resulting in anterior movement of the retina. 27% showed scleral ectasia in which the posterior portion of the globe was enlarged, either generally or in a focal ectatic focus. In a small number of eyes the cystic posterior segment lesions contained fibrous and inflammatory tissue but most affected eyes showed cystic structures filled with gas or fluid. Although morphology was somewhat compromised in the majority of samples, histopathological and electron microscopic ultrastructural examination showed an endothelial lining to these posterior segment cysts suggesting that they have developed following gas bubble formation in vessels of the choroidal rete. This finding concurs with our previous research showing increased intraocular oxygen concentrations in the eyes of affected fish and suggests that the pathology seen here is predominantly associated with the formation of oxygen bubbles in the countercurrent multiplier system of the choroidal rete. 24 Nov, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-133.php Apparent digestibility, deposition and retention of crude protein and phosphorus were determined for 30%, 35%, 50% and 55% CP diets incorporated with sprouted sorghum, 750, 1000 and 1250 unitskg-1 phytase and protease enzymes ,fed to African catfi sh fi ngerlings. 13 Nov, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-132.php The study was intended to show the characteristics and the status of fi shery in Lake Hashenge. Assessment of fi shing practices was done by using questionnaires. Physico- chemical parameters of the lake water shows optimum for fi sh growth. In the lake there are three fi sh species of those two are economically important fi sh species. 18 Aug, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-131.php The present study was performed to examine acute toxicity of two water-borne metals (Hg and Cd) by static bioassays. Fingerlings Percocypris pingi (P. pingi) were exposed to a range of concentrations of heavy metals and the mortality rate were investigated after 24, 48, 72 and 96h. 19 Jul, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-130.php In the present review, we have described aspects of the color of marine shrimp of importance in aquaculture (mainly Penaeus japonicus, Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon) and in the world. It is generally described some ecological aspects and some factors that affect the color of the shrimp. 11 Jul, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-129.php Biofilters are crucial and costly components in marine recirculating aquaculture systems. However, not much is known about the settlement of nitrifying organisms and developing nitrification rates during the start-up phases of these reactors. 30 Jun, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-128.php This study was intended to reveal the usefulness of Zinc in endangered trout Salmo coruhensis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss sperm. Spermatozoa were activated in sperm motility-activation solutions (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) containing the Zinc [Control (0), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM]. 29 Jun, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-127.php The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of boric acid for endangered Anatolian trout Salmo rizeensis sperm. Activation media was supplemented with boric acid (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM). Sperm motility and duration were determined in sperm samples. 24 Jun, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-126.php Cross breeding with different populations might lead to heterosis and enhance the genetic diversity of the resulting offspring. In this study, three populations of mandarin fi sh (Siniperca chuatsi), including two cultured (A and B) and one wild population (C), were used to construct three pure groups (A♂×A♀, B♂×B♀, C♂×C♀) and six crossbred groups (A♂×B ♀, A♂×C♀, B♂×A♀, B♂×C♀, C♂×A♀, C♂×B♀). 16 May, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-125.php Potential Fishing Zones connote where Chlorophyll Concentration and Sea Surface Temperature together constitute better environment for the healthy growth of fish and food abundance. 04 May, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-124.php The huge Pantanal wetland, located in the central region of South America, mainly in Brazil, formed by the Upper Paraguay River Basin, comprising 150,355 km² (approximately 140,000 km² in Brazil), is facing environmental and socioeconomic threats that are affecting fish populations and fishery resources. 24 Mar, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-123.php This paper attempts to conduct a survey in the commonly edible fi nfi sh species collected from EKW during three seasons of 2016. 10 Mar, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-122.php The Kievka Bay is one of the cleanest regions on the Far East coast of Russia. There are no anthropogenic impacts on the coastal area, and thus the infl uence of pollutants on the state of fi sh health is minimized. 07 Mar, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-121.php The presence of two-faced toadfi sh Bifax lacinia was confi rmed based on a single specimen, 244 mm standard length (SL), caught in the waters of Salalah port, Oman, the Arabian Sea in February 2016. Descriptions, illustrations, meristic and morphometric data are presented. 14 Feb, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-3-120.php Growth performances, feeding ecology and prey preferences of Must us tengara (Hamilton, 1822) reared in low saline homestead traditional polyculture ponds in Sundarbans were studied for 12 months. 23 Dec, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-2-119.php The potentials of Cirina forda as a replacement for fishmeal in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were evaluated in 56 days. Five diets namely diets A (100% fishmeal and 0% Cirina forda), B (75% fishmeal and 25% Cirina forda), C (50% fishmeal and 50% Cirina forda), D (25% fishmeal and 75% Cirina forda), and E (0% fishmeal and 100% Cirina forda) were compounded and given to the fingerlings at 5% body weight. 12 Nov, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/IJAFS-2-118.php Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s) in the World are small and, more often than not, badly managed. In fact, the total area of MPA’s is not bigger than that of South Africa. However, if we remove MPA’s where some kind of traditional fishing is allowed that total is about the size of Holland – which means next to zero [1]. 20 Sep, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-2-117.php The black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron is a very hardy species, particularly notable for its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental salinities. The impact of environmental salinity on reproductive traits has been well documented in this species under natural conditions, but few studies have been experimentally conducted to prove such a relationship. This study assessed the effects of different salinities on the reproductive traits of S. melanotheron in experimental conditions. The number of spawning eggs as well as the mean number and frequency of incubation showed significant relationships with ambient salinity. 21 Jul, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-2-116.php The present study has been carried out the effect of leaf extract of Melia azedarach at different concentration, such as 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g formulated diet against 0.1 ml of CFU/ ml 105 cells Aeromonas hydrophila on catla catla. The physiological parameters, such as Survival and Mortality, Antibody response, Phagocytic activity, Oxygen consumption, opercular movement, and Growth rate were studied. Result revealed that control fish showed 60% mortality and 20%, mortality at 1.0g concentration of plant extract, 10% mortality at 1.5g concentration of plant extract 30% mortality at 2.0g concentration of plant extract was observed. The maximum level of physiological activity Survival and Mortality, Antibody response, Phagocytic activity, Oxygen consumption, opercular movement, and Growth rate was recorded at 1.5g of plant extract formulated diet treated fish. When compared with control, However physiological parameters was significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased when compared with control. 07 Jun, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-2-115.php The South China Sea is one of the most abundant fishery areas in the world, which is a typical multi fish species area. The South China Sea Fisheries can be divided into four parts, the northern continental shelf offshore fisheries, Xisha Qundao, Zhongsha Qundao and Nansha Qundao coral reef fisheries, the northern slope fisheries and Southern Ocean, rising flow fisheries. In recent years, the ecological environment of the South China Sea has been severely damaged, resulting in the fisheries resources becoming poor increasingly, in the meantime, there exist other problems, such as the effect and validity of unilateral management of the fishery resources is still limited, bilateral and multilateral cooperation are not yet mature. 27 May, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-2-114.php A study of crabs was conducted at eight hill streams, located in three different districts of Bangladesh, during January to December, 2012 with a view to assess the availability and to study the taxonomy of freshwater crabs. The study investigated species diversity which includes their taxonomic description, biometric data, habitat, ecological note, distribution, and ecological role. The specimens were collected in different times covering the major seasons rounded the year by using various fishing gears such as cast net, push net, dip net, seine net and trap. A total four species of freshwater crabs under two families (Potamidae and Grapsidae) were recorded. The identified four crabs were Sartoriana spinigera, Sartoriana trilobata, Labothelphusa wood-masoni and Pyxidognathus fluviatilis. Among these the first three were under the family Potamidae and the last one under the family Garapsidae. Sartoriana trilobata was the dominant species in the hill streams of Bangladesh. 10 May, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-2-113.php As the global population increases, demand for food, most especially protein will increase. Production from fisheries is crucial for food security in the face of current population increase. Despite the reliability on fisheries and aquaculture to supply the animal protein needed by the world population, climate change has significantly reduced production and increase instability in the sector. In order to achieve food security and fisheries development goal, climate smart aquaculture which is an adaptation to climate change and lower emission intensities per output will be necessary. This review therefore discusses climate smart aquaculture as veritable approach to increasing fish production in the face of climate change trend in Nigeria. 16 Apr, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-2-112.php The aim of the present study was to determine the physical, chemical and biological characteristics and to characterize the fishery of Geray reservoir. Three sites from the inlet site, the open water and the outlet has been selected and samples were collected using YSI 556MPS model multimeter and Palin test photometer 5000 .Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, Total Dissolved Solid, conductivity, secchi disk measurement, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, ammonia and turbidity were the parameters measured. Plankton sample collected using 55 and 80 micrometer mesh net. 10 Mar, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-2-111.php Background and aim: Stomatorhinus cf polli, one of species of Mormyridae whose flesh is highly appreciated by local communities. Unfortunately, there is very little information about biology and ecology of Stomatorhinus cf polli. This study aimed to determine the ecology and biology of Stomathorinus cf polli. 08 Dec, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-110.php We analyzed the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level in the surface water off Namkhana, a sampling station in the lower Gangetic delta region. Our three decade analysis in three different seasons (premonsoon, monsoon and postmonsoon) exhibits a decrease in the DO value with the passage of time. Based on the DO value we carried out a premilinary Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis using the average seasonal temperature of the study region. This index can be used as proxy to aquatic health in the study site, provided other relevant variables remain within the optimum range. The DO level varies as per the sequence monsoon > postmonsoon > premonsoon. The sudden rise of DO level and WQI during premonsoon 2009 is attributed to Aila, a super cyclone that passed across the lower Gangetic delta on 25th May, 2009 with a speed of ~110 km/hr. 23 Nov, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-109.php Solar tent fish drier (STFD) reduce post-harvest losses, thereby ensuring continuous availability of cheap animal protein. This study aimed to: (1) minimize post harvest losses by improving the shelf life dried fish; (2) enhance technology multiplication and dissemination system; (3) create clear insight about the technology implementation. This study was carried out in the northern and northwestern part of Lake Tana from June, 2014 to June, 2015. Purposive sampling methods were used to select Dembiya, Alefa and Gondar zuriya districts with their respective locality. 17 Oct, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-108.php Background and Aim: The intensive nature of aquaculture has subjected fish to a number of stressors in the culture medium, anesthetics are widely used to minimize the issue of stress during farming operations and activities. Clove oil is a well known, established and acceptable anesthetics commonly used in aquaculture, this anesthetics is not readily available in developing countries, thus leaving the fish farmers with option of using the locally available plant extracts as anesthetic agent in fish culture. This study therefore assessed the efficacy of aqueous extracts of clove seed and its effect on hematological parameters of the fish. 14 Oct, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-107.php Background: Biopolymers have many fields of application. In Echiniculture they are usually employed to bind trial diets, although a systematic study on the performances of biopolymers as feed binders is lacking. 05 Aug, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-106.php Background and Aim: lysozyme has been known as a significant component of the innate immune system of fish. It is reported that the g-type and c-type lysozymes have been identified in fish. Oplegnathus fasciatus is one of the economically important cultured species, generating higher market value and demands in Korea. Contrary to the heavy consumption of O. fasciatus, however, there has been very limited information on their immune system and immunity genes responding against diseases. 06 Apr, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-105.php Dmc1, a member of the RecA/Rad51 superfamily, is essential for meiotic recombination. In this study, a Dmc1 gene (EsDmc1) was identified from screening the larval transcriptomes of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The full-length cDNA of EsDmc1 was 1478 bp long and contained a 1026 bp open-reading frame encoding 341 amino acids. The genomic fragment of EsDmc1 contained two exons separated by one intron. Several tandem repeats were found in intron. 31 Mar, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-104.php Climate change in the lower Gangetic delta has caused an increase in water temperature and altered the salinity and pH of the aquatic phase. Such changes have caused a significant alteration in the diversity spectrum of fin fishes prevailing in the system. The Shannon Weiner species diversity indices computed from the catch of commercially important fin fishes and trash fin fishes (sample size = mean of 20 catches of 100 kg each from each landing station; duration 1984 – 2014) indicate a pronounced temporal variation both in the western and central sector of Indian Sundarbans that have contrasting geo-physico-chemical features. 22 Feb, 2015 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-103.php The status of Lake Tana Fishery was evaluated from analysis of commercial catch data of number I fishers cooperative. The data collection has been carried out from September 2003 to September 2009. Results indicated that Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and species flock of endemic, large Labeobarbus spp. were the three main species groups targeted by commercial gillnet fishery of Lake Tana and form 65 %, 20 % and 15 % of the annual catch compositions of fish species during the study period respectively. There was significant variability among sampling years encompassing temporal aspects. 12 Dec, 2014 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-102.php Climate change poses new challenges to the sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture systems, with serious implications for the 520 million people who depend on them for their livelihoods and the nearly 3 billion people for whom fish is an important source of animal protein [1]. Two-thirds of all reefs are in developing countries, and 500 million people in the tropics depend heavily on reefs for food, livelihoods, protection from natural disasters and other basic needs. For many coastal communities in reef areas, fishing activities are the sole source of income. 12 Dec, 2014 https://www.agriscigroup.us/Aquaculture-Fishery-Sciences/IJAFS-1-101.php The survey was conducted from March 2012 to March 2013 based on field observations and samples. Shesher is natural reservoir of Lake Tana found at coordinates of 0350300 and 1322162 UTM and at altitudes 1805 a.s.l. Welala natural reservoir is found at UTM coordinates of 0348348 and 1326081 with altitude of 1804 a.s.l. The area of Shesher and Welala was estimated about 500 ha and 110 ha respectively, which are impounded by open water for extended period of a year and both with maximum depth of 3 m during rainy season. Both reservoirs filled their capacity during the rainy season through the inflow river of Ribb and the surrounding flood plain.