Biosorption of Cadmium from Freshwater Cultured with (Nile Tilapia) using Neem Leaf Aqueous Extract (NLAE). A Review

Koplamma Nenchini Bala*

In the quest to achieve economic prosperity and industrialization, sustainable water management, agriculture, biodiversity resources and food security have been marginalized. These have birthed serious intolerable environmental challenges such as heavy metal contamination and wastewater discharge into water bodies, particularly cadmium, lead and mercury. All these pose a serious threat to water bodies or the environment. These could adversely affect the biodegradation that demands bio-friendly remediation. A total of 180 healthy Oreochromis niloticus were used for this comparative research to evaluate neem leaf aqueous extract and pulverized neem leaf biosorption of cadmium in contaminated aquaria. This research focused on the review of neem leaf aqueous extract as a primary alternative for biosorption of heavy metals contamination in aquaculture or the environment. Following the trend of results obtained in recent research, the result depicted stressful acclimatization, death of Orechromis niloticus and irreversible damage to muscle, liver, and kidney tissues or photomicrographs cultured with Cadmium. This is due to the chemical composition of the neem leaf aqueous extract being acidic and has a short shelf life. The reviewed findings showed that pulverized neem leaf is considered eco-friendly, a primary biosorbent for biosorption and is cost-effective in lead-contaminated aquariums cultured with cats and fish. The research results revealed normal acclimatization, insignificant bioaccumulation below normal range, drastic low mortality rate, chemical composition within range and physical and morphological characteristics of pulverized neem leaf are supportive factors for heavy metal binding. Photomicrographs of muscles, liver and kidney in contemporary research conducted with cadmium and lead showed that damage is reversible, unlike neem leaf aqueous extract that caused irreversible damage to muscles, liver and kidney tissues of fish.

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Published on: Feb 18, 2025 Pages: 1-6

Full Text PDF Full Text HTML DOI: 10.17352/ojeb.000045
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