https://www.agriscigroup.us/journals/open-journal-of-environmental-biology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 09 Jan, 2026 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-11-153.php This study investigated the effects of sub-lethal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on water quality, hepatosomatic index (HSI), liver enzyme activity, and liver histopathology of Clarias gariepinus under laboratory conditions. Physico-chemical parameters of aquaria water showed only slight, non-significant variations between treatment and control groups and remained within acceptable limits for warm-water fish, indicating that observed effects were not attributable to water quality changes. A significant, time-dependent reduction in HSI was recorded in exposed fish, suggesting progressive hepatic stress. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased with exposure duration, indicating impaired liver function. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocellular necrosis, hepatocyte depletion, and fatty degeneration, increasing over time. The combined physiological, biochemical, and histological responses demonstrate that the liver is a primary target organ of herbicide toxicity. These findings highlight the usefulness of integrating organosomatic indices, liver enzyme biomarkers, and histopathology in aquatic toxicity assessments and emphasize the potential ecological risks associated with herbicide contamination of aquatic environments. 06 Jan, 2026 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-11-152.php The African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) is a coleopteran insect of significant economic and nutritional importance in palm-growing regions of West and Central Africa. It is an important edible insect highly valued for its nutritional and cultural relevance in the Niger Delta. Growing interest in domesticating and rearing this species has increased the need to understand the biological and biochemical processes that drive its development. This review brings together existing research to examine the major digestive and metabolic enzymes that enable R. phoenicis larvae to efficiently feed, digest palm tissues, and sustain rapid growth. Studies on R. phoenicis and related Coleopteran insects consistently identify a diverse array of digestive enzymes, including cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, amylases, glycoside hydrolases, and carboxypeptidases, enabling efficient utilization of lignocellulosic and protein components of palm tissues. Structural and protective functions are supported by enzymes such as chitin synthase and laccase, which contribute to cuticle integrity, gut protection, and stress tolerance. Neuropeptide signaling pathways expressed in the gut further regulate feeding behavior, digestion, and nutrient allocation. Collectively, these metabolic features reflect a highly specialized yet flexible digestive system that promotes rapid larval growth and resilience. Understanding these physiological mechanisms provides a scientific basis for optimizing diet formulation, improving mass-rearing efficiency, and advancing the sustainable domestication of R. phoenicis as a valuable food and feed resource. 08 Aug, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-10-151.php Aim: To study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on performance and productivity of crops in rice-toria - greengram cropping sequence under different rice establishment techniques. Methodology: Two years field experiment was conducted with two different establishment techniques of rice viz., Transplanted rice (M1) and Direct seeded rice (M2) in main plot and five different nutrient management practices viz., Control(N1), 100% RDF (N2), 50% RDN as inorganic + 50% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer (N3), 75% RDN as inorganic + 25% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer (N4) and 100% N as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer (N5) in sub-plots. Data were collected and analysed following the standard procedures. The growth and yield attributing parameters in rice-toria-greengram cropping sequence were studied. Results: Transplanted rice significantly affected the plant height, grain and straw yield of rice in rice-toria-greengram cropping sequence. Significantly, higher plant height (112.94 cm and 113.97cm), grain yield (45.18q/ha and 45.91 q/ha) and straw yield (64.35 q/ha and 65.17q/ha) was recorded in transplanted rice during both the years, respectively. In terms of nutrient management, the treatment 50% RDN as inorganic + 50% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer significantly affected the growth and yield of rice and greengram. In rice, the highest grain yield (50.25q/ha and 51.41 q/ha), and seed yield (9.49 q/ha and 10.06 q/ha) in greengram was recorded under 50% RDN as inorganic + 50% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer during both the years. In toria, nutrient management with 75% RDN as inorganic + 25% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer recorded the highest seed yield (6.49q/ha and 6.82q/ha) and stover yield(17.14 q/ha and17.74 q/ha)in both the years. Interpretation: Based on the findings of the two years study, it was found that the integrated nutrient management package through application of 50% RDN as inorganic + 50% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer and 75 % RDN as inorganic + 25% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer registered the best performance in terms of growth and yield in rice, greengram and in toria. Thus, integrated nutrient management package through application of 50% RDN as inorganic + 50% RDN as vermi-compost + bio-fertilizer with transplanted technique of rice establishment under rice-toria-greengram cropping sequence can be suggested for enhancing productivity of rice, toria and greengram. 16 Jun, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-10-150.pdf The degradation of coastal marine habitats and biodiversity loss pose significant ecological challenges, requiring restoration efforts. In June 2024, the European regulation on nature restoration established a framework for managing and restoring these ecosystems. To address the scale of this task and limited experimental resources, the CREANURS program, led by the University of Corsica, was launched to test micro-habitat prototypes targeting key marine species. The project aims to enhance scientific and technical knowledge to optimize the restoration of small coastal habitats in the Mediterranean. Six types of micro-habitat prototypes were designed and tested in situ at the port of Porticciolo (Haute-Corse, France). Monitoring included structural changes, colonization by fauna and flora, and acoustic characterization. Results showed most prototypes lacked sufficient physical resistance to exceptional storms, limiting monitoring duration. Biological colonization results were mixed; most micro-habitats were less effective than natural environments for mobile fauna. However, the FracFoam prototype showed promise as a shelter for a diverse detritivorous benthic community, similar to that associated with Posidonia litter. Acoustic monitoring revealed a rich benthic biophony, ranking the site among the most efficient in the French western Mediterranean. Despite heterogeneous results and environmental constraints, FracFoam stands out with an estimated 80% efficiency for restoring degraded benthic habitats, offering new perspectives for facilitating natural Posidonia colonization. 18 Apr, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-10-149.php This study examines water quality parameters in surface and groundwater sources alongside fertilizer usage patterns in an agricultural region. Five (5) samples were randomly collected from rivers. The parameters analyzed include pH, temperature, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Sulphate, Nitrate and Phosphate. The results reveal significant differences between surface and groundwater quality, reflecting the influence of agricultural practices, particularly fertilizer application. The dominance of synthetic fertilizers, such as Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium (NPK) (43.3%) and urea (33.7%), underscores their role in enhancing crop productivity but raises concerns about water pollution and sustainability. The findings contribute valuable insights into the relationship between agricultural practices and water quality, offering a basis for developing strategies to ensure sustainable water resources in the study area. 01 Apr, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-10-148.php Gas flaring is a widespread practice in the Niger Delta region, resulting in the release of toxic gases and heavy metals particulate into the atmosphere. This research investigated the heavy metal concentration in surface water around gas flaring stations in selected areas of Delta state. Locations A, B, C representing Amukpe, Ekpan, Oton where gas flaring activities are still ongoing were selected for this study, while Location D(pontu) is about 6km from the closest gas flare was used as control. Water samples were collected from rivers/streams of study locations at radial distance of 100m from flare points for the analysis. The results showed that copper(Cu) with values ranging from 0.06-0.09mg/L and Zinc(Zn) with values ranging from 0.49-0.62 had higher values at sites A, B, and C compared to control site D . Locations B and C showed the highest copper (Cu) concentrations , Location B had the highest Iron (Fe) concentration while Location A had the highest Zinc concentration when compared with other sample locations. The Physicochemical properties and anion analysis also followed similar pattern with the gas flare impacted location having higher values in some parameters when compared with the control. The levels of heavy metals determined in this study, though were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in gas flaring locations compared to control but were not above the world health organization (WHO) and Nigeria Environmental Standard Regulation Agency (NESREA) standards for drinking water. The results obtained represent a gradual increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the immediate environment of the gas flare impacted water body. It is necessary to monitor water quality parameters including heavy metal concentration in aquatic environments continuously and appropriate measures should be put in place by government and petroleum companies to maintain standards. 31 Mar, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-10-147.php Lead lethal and sub-lethal impact on aquaculture affect the environment, physiology and haematological indices in fish. The research investigated the biosorption effect of pulverized neem and mango leaves on lead-contaminated aquarium cultured with Clarias gariepinus. A total of 180 healthy juveniles of Clarias gariepinus were used for the period of the experiment. They were further divided into two groups of pulverized neem and mango leaves with ninety (90) in each. This was further divided into three groups of thirty (30) with each comprising the experimental groups of 15 mg/L and 10 mg/L of Pb and control. Biosorption was conducted on environment and blood parameters status was investigated. The results of pulverized neem and mango leaves showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) of biosorption in the environment and physicochemical properties while blood parameters showed significant differences (p < 0.05). For Pulverized Neem Leaf (PNL) and 10 mg/L had the higher statistical values in Haemoglobin count (HCT) 8.327%, White Blood Corpuscle (WBC) 64.160fL, Haemoglobin (Hb) 8.070fL, Platelet total (PLT) 326.000% while Pulverized Mango Leaf (PML) with 15 mg/L of lead appeared statistically significant in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 111.500fL and corpuscular haemoglobin count (MCHC) 94.000fL. The effect of PNL and PML on physicochemical properties and blood parameters was positive remediation in contaminated environment and physiological function in aquaculture. 13 Mar, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-10-146.php Seeds harbour diverse and unique microbial communities that significantly influence seed quality, germination, seedling health, and overall plant resilience. The seed microbiome is shaped by both vertical transmission (from parent plants) and horizontal transmission (from the surrounding environment), with microbial colonization highly dependent on floral pathways, microbial composition, and seed structure. However, the mechanisms governing microbial transmission, their functional roles, and their impact on plant development remain poorly understood. This gap in knowledge limits the ability to harness beneficial microbial interactions for improving germination success and plant health. This review explores the sources and transmission routes of the seed microbiome, emphasizing its role in germination, plant nutrition, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the dynamic establishment of microbial communities during seedling development and their long-term influence on plant health and longevity. Understanding the complex interactions within the seed microbiome is crucial for leveraging its potential in sustainable agriculture. By uncovering these microbial relationships, future research can pave the way for microbiome-based strategies to enhance crop productivity, resilience, and ecological sustainability. 18 Feb, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-10-145.php In the quest to achieve economic prosperity and industrialization, sustainable water management, agriculture, biodiversity resources and food security have been marginalized. These have birthed serious intolerable environmental challenges such as heavy metal contamination and wastewater discharge into water bodies, particularly cadmium, lead and mercury. All these pose a serious threat to water bodies or the environment. These could adversely affect the biodegradation that demands bio-friendly remediation. A total of 180 healthy Oreochromis niloticus were used for this comparative research to evaluate neem leaf aqueous extract and pulverized neem leaf biosorption of cadmium in contaminated aquaria. This research focused on the review of neem leaf aqueous extract as a primary alternative for biosorption of heavy metals contamination in aquaculture or the environment. Following the trend of results obtained in recent research, the result depicted stressful acclimatization, death of Orechromis niloticus and irreversible damage to muscle, liver, and kidney tissues or photomicrographs cultured with Cadmium. This is due to the chemical composition of the neem leaf aqueous extract being acidic and has a short shelf life. The reviewed findings showed that pulverized neem leaf is considered eco-friendly, a primary biosorbent for biosorption and is cost-effective in lead-contaminated aquariums cultured with cats and fish. The research results revealed normal acclimatization, insignificant bioaccumulation below normal range, drastic low mortality rate, chemical composition within range and physical and morphological characteristics of pulverized neem leaf are supportive factors for heavy metal binding. Photomicrographs of muscles, liver and kidney in contemporary research conducted with cadmium and lead showed that damage is reversible, unlike neem leaf aqueous extract that caused irreversible damage to muscles, liver and kidney tissues of fish. 07 Sep, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-9-144.php Mangroves grow near the sea and inland. However, the mangroves that develop inland have a high and variable salinity. The salinity is a key factor in the anatomy of mangrove wood, this work aimed to show the impact of salinity on the vessel density, and the infradensity of Avicennia germinans (A. germinans). To do this, the trees of A. germinans were collected from the sites of Mamboumba (near the sea) and Oveng (inland), and analyses of vessel density and infradensity were performed in the laboratory. The results obtained show that the density of the vessels and the infradensity of heartwood, for example of A. germinans collected at the Oveng site are significantly higher with values of 38.11 ± 5.99 mm-2 and 0.95 ± 0.06 g/cm3 respectively compared to 28.75 ± 8.19 mm-2 and 0.81 ± 0.05 g/cm3 for A. germinans collected at the Mamboumba site. Also, we note that the vessels in Oveng wood are smaller than those in Mamboumba wood. This high salinity is responsible for the formation of small vessels and consequently for the increase in the infradensity of the A. germinans wood from the Oveng site. 07 Sep, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-9-143.php Sleep is a vital aspect of human health, influencing both physical and mental well-being. Environmental factors, particularly indoor temperature, play a crucial role in determining sleep quality. Traditional cooling systems, while effective in temperature control, often create uneven cooling and noise, which can disrupt sleep. Radiant air-conditioning systems, which cool rooms through radiation without the use of fans, have emerged as a promising alternative for improving sleep quality. This mini-review discusses the effects of radiant air-conditioning on sleep quality, comparing it with traditional air-conditioning systems. The review highlights research findings that suggest radiant cooling promotes sleep by regulating body temperature, reducing stress, and minimizing noise disturbances. Studies indicate that individuals sleeping in rooms cooled by radiant systems experience better sleep quality, longer sleep duration, and fewer insomnia symptoms. The mechanisms underlying these benefits include the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, improved thermoregulation, and a more stable thermal environment. Despite these advantages, most studies have been conducted in controlled environments, raising concerns about the applicability of these findings in real-world settings. Furthermore, research has largely focused on adults, leaving gaps in understanding how radiant air-conditioning affects other populations. Future studies should address these limitations by evaluating the performance of radiant cooling in various residential settings and across different age groups. Expanding research in this area could pave the way for more energy-efficient and sleep-promoting indoor climate solutions. 14 Jun, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-9-142.php Rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, global temperature variations, and precipitation changes are key factors influencing future weed dynamics and agricultural productivity. Weeds, having diverse gene pools and physiological plasticity, are likely to exhibit greater resilience and adaptability to changes in CO2 concentrations and temperature, potentially outcompeting crops. The global increase in carbon dioxide emissions by 51% is of concern, given that CO2 accounts for three-fourths of total emissions. Weeds with C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways may display distinct responses to elevated CO2 and temperature, impacting the dynamics of crop-weed competition. Furthermore, climate change can influence the efficacy of herbicides, further complicating weed management. Understanding and assessing the changes in climatic factors and their interactions at the crop-weed interface is crucial for developing effective weed management strategies in a changing climate. While the positive response of C3 crops to increased CO2 may reduce the competitiveness of certain C4 weeds, the potential emergence of C3 weeds in C4 or C3 crops, particularly in tropical regions, poses a significant concern. Therefore, comprehensive research is needed to formulate adaptive weed management approaches that consider the multifaceted impacts of climate change on crop-weed interactions. This paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing the impact of climate change on weed growth and its implications for weed management in order to ensure sustainable crop production in a changing climate. 28 May, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-9-141.php Inorganic fertilizers are often used in the United States in golf courses putting green maintenance. We used milled plant biomass on putting greens to test the hypothesis that organic biostimulants used in putting green maintenance can achieve similar results as inorganic fertilizers. Dilapidated putting greens, #4 and #14, with conspicuous patches at the L.E. Ramey Golf Course in Kingsville, TX, were selected for the study. Each green was split in half with one half selected for treatment and the other half maintained as the control and treated with NPK. Milled Medicago sativa L. mixed with milled high auxin-containing plant species in a ratio of 10:1 was used to test the hypothesis. The mixture was applied in the bio-treated section of the two greens while the golf course management continued to apply inorganic fertilizers on the control section of the study greens. Patch count on the greens was conducted once a week utilizing a randomly placed 1 by 1 m quadrant. Also, soil moisture measurement was taken twice a week on the greens to understand soil moisture retention due to the treatments. Patch count indicates that the bio-treated sections grew and filled significantly faster than the sections treated with inorganic fertilizers. Regression analysis of data collected between July 13th and July 27th indicates a strong linear biostimulant/patch growth relationship (R2 = 0.75 and 0.92) on Greens #4 and #14 respectively. Also, soil moisture data indicates significantly higher moisture retention on the putting green sections treated with the biostimulant. 21 May, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-9-140.php The opinion note presents the author's evaluation of the accomplishments of The COP28 climate conference in Dubai, which took place from November 30 to December 12, 2023. It is noted that a significant level of consensus was achieved during the conference. A notable majority of nations, such as the European Union (EU), the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States, acknowledged the imperative of transitioning away from fossil fuels. Despite facing resistance from major oil-producing nations in the region, the conference managed to arrive at acceptable resolutions by the conclusion of the event. 11 Jan, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-9-139.php This study evaluated the seedling emergence behavior, growth performance, leaf area, and biomass allocation of seven multipurpose tree species (Celtis australis, Grewia optiva, Bauhinia retusa, Bauhinia variegata, Ficus auriculata, Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus floribunda). The (emergence) germination experiments were conducted under the polyhouse condition in poly bags. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among different tree species for nursery germination percent. The seedling emergence and Seedling Vigour Index (SVI) significantly varied among all the seven multipurpose tree species. Seed germination was maximum (80%) recorded in G. optiva and minimum (21%) was recorded in Q. semecarpifolia irrespective of tree species. Significant (p < 0.05) variation was also observed for Mean Germination Time (MGT) and Germination Index (GI) among tree species. Significant variations were found in the performances of seedling growth for leaf area in periodic intervals and it is also noted that a significant difference was found in the performance of seedling growth for survival percentage at periodic intervals. 23 Dec, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-8-138.php Pollination, a critical ecosystem service in the maintenance of biodiversity is on the decline due to several factors including habitat loss, exotic pest invasions, pollution, overharvesting, climate, and land use changes. This study analyzed flower visitors’ activity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in the Kakamega forest. Specifically, the study sought to: (i) assess the effects of temperature and precipitation on flower visitors’ diversity and (ii) identify the most efficient flower visitor using seed set analysis. Data on pollinators were collected through direct observation and sweep-netting and the bagging method in which, flowers were covered using a pollinator bag pre-anthesis and allowed a single visit from a flower visitor. Seed sets from the flowers were collected and counted. Six study sites were identified along two transects each 2.5 km long and labeled A to F. Sampling was done from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm, three days a week for five months consecutively. Secondary data on bee species and their characteristics were used in identification. There were no significant correlations between temperature and diversity (r = -0.509, p = 0.3810), precipitation and diversity (r = 0.377; p = 0.531), temperature and species abundance (r = -0.00618; p = 0.9921), species abundance and precipitation (r = -0.248; p = 0.688), temperature and the species richness of flower-visiting insects (r = -0.729 p = 0.1623) and between precipitation and species richness (r = 0.824; p = 0.08592). The highest number of seed sets, 12,944 was collected under the Apis mellifera making this species, the most efficient pollinator. This study clearly shows that Ocimum kilimandscharicum flower visitors are important in pollination where the higher number of visits translates into higher numbers of seeds set. 19 Oct, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-8-137.php Uranium is a key raw material for the nuclear energy industry, the generation of nuclear energy is projected to double by 2040 to address the growing energy demands, which makes the uranium supply a matter of energy security. In addition, uranium is a heavy metal with both chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity, which seriously endangers human health and environmental safety. The growth in the utilization of uranium resources boosts the release of uranium into the environment. Therefore, the remediation of uranium contamination and recovery of uranium from a non-conventional approach is highly needed. Microorganism exhibits a high potential for immobilization of uranium. This review summarizes the ability of microorganisms to immobilize uranium from aqueous solutions and wastewater in terms of microbial species, performance, mechanism of enrichment and remediation, and applicable environment. 09 Aug, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-8-136.php Introduction: Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp., have gained significant attention for their potential in environmental bioremediation (biosurfactant production) and diverse biotechnological applications. Among these, Paenibacillus sp. D9, isolated from oil-contaminated soil, has shown diesel and engine oil degradation capabilities and biosurfactant production. However, its role in alkane degradation remains unexplored. Methodology and Result: To shed light on its unique attributes, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of Paenibacillus sp. D9 using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The draft genome comprised 56 contigs and 7 scaffolds, with a size of 5,645,302 bp at 157.94× coverage and a G + C content of 58.13%. A total of 9,950 Coding Sequences (CDSs) were predicted, and functional annotation revealed 3,283 (43.19%) and 3,155 (58.8%) putative genes based on Bacterial Annotation System (BASys) and Rapid Annotation using the Subsystems Technology (RAST) subsystem categorization, respectively. Furthermore, 93 tRNA and 23 rRNA genes were identified. Conclusion: This genome announcement provides valuable insights into the genetic potential of Paenibacillus sp. D9 and paves the way for future research in its biotechnological applications. 30 May, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-8-135.php The leading unfavorable factor in the working environment that affects the health of miners is polymetallic dust, which contains a large number of toxic chemical elements. The study of the chemical composition of the floating dust in the air environment of the quarries of the East Kazakhstan copper-chemical plant and processing plant (Mamyrbaev, Konakbaev, 1992) showed a high content of lead, selenium, antimony, arsenic, and other trace elements. 13 Apr, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-8-134.php The local availability of lignocellulosic biomass was estimated for an arbitrary but representative Dutch municipality to facilitate the conversion and use of hydrogen on a decentralized scale. This study reveals that there is a large potential for this biomass at many locations to play important roles in the energy transition. It is meant as a call to the scientific community to activate individuals and get some inspiration. 30 Jan, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-8-133.php This study examined smallholder pineapple farmers’ experiences of climate variability and change in production, as well as ranked adaptation and information source options using data from primary sources. The primary data consisted of a survey on pineapple growing in Awaé. The analysis revealed that pineapple farmers experience climate variability and change evidenced mainly through irregular rainfall patterns (100%), excessive heat (97.14%), drying of streams (85.71%), and rising temperatures (77.14%). These variabilities cause a change in color and taste (40.00 and 45.71% respectively), a reduction in fruit size and yield (68.57 and 100% respectively), and consequently, a reduction in income from pineapple production. Farmers identify deforestation (54.29 ± 0.51%), bush fires (34.29 ± 0.48%) as the major causes of climate change. Although the use of soil conservation practices (e.g. mixed and rotational cropping), bush fallow and crop diversification emerged as the three main adaptation options employed by smallholder pineapple farmers, climate change has the potential to reduce pineapple production in Awaé. Therefore there is a need for future studies to identify adaptation measures that will help improve pineapple production in the area. These farmers are willing to receive information commencement of rain, the prediction of stopping rain, the impact, adaptation strategies, and mitigation strategies to climate change. They can be informed through phone text messages, television, radio, and even demonstration methods for them to effectively follow up on climate change to better improve their pineapple production in Awaé. 13 Dec, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-7-132.php Summary Rabbits can experience stress during transport. This study explores the effects of Essential Oils (EOs) on the heart rate of rabbits during transport. Rabbits were submitted to 3 different treatments: no olfactory exposure to EOs (treatment 1, control); olfactory exposure to 30 drops of Lavandula angustifolia EO (treatment 2); and olfactory exposure to 30 drops of a blend of 5 EOs (treatment 3, Cananga odorata, Citrus aurantium, Cupressus sempervirens, Lavandula angustifolia, Litsea citrata EOs) in a randomized controlled crossover study design. Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 did not induce a significant change in rabbits’ heart rates, however, treatment 3 did induce a significant decrease in rabbits’ heart rates after transport. These results suggest that olfactory exposure to this blend of 5 EOs decreased the rabbit’s heart rate after transport. More research is needed to further evaluate the effects of olfactory enrichment with EOs in rabbits during transport. Abstract The study explores the effects of Essential Oils (EOs) on the heart rate of rabbits during transport. Rabbits (n = 35) were individually transported three times by car in a transport box for 5 minutes. Each rabbit was subjected to three treatments: no olfactory exposure to EOs (treatment 1, control); olfactory exposure to 30 drops of Lavandula angustifolia EO (treatment 2); and olfactory exposure to 30 drops of a blend of 5 EOs (treatment 3, Cananga odorata, Citrus aurantium, Cupressus sempervirens, Lavandula angustifolia, Litsea citrata EOs) in a randomized controlled crossover study design. Heart rate was measured before and after transport. Compared to the control, treatment 3 showed a significant decrease in HR after transport (mean = -24.33, SD = 41.77; post hoc Tukey test p = 0.007). Results suggest that the blend of EOs might help rabbits to recover homeostasis quicker after a stressful event. This suggests interesting potential field applications not only for rabbit owners but also for veterinarians. There is more research needed regarding the specific effects of EOs on rabbits. 19 Oct, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-7-131.php In Romania, the sessile oak is the widest spread species of all native oak species, forming a lower story of vegetation. The European beech and Norway spruce cover 50% of the Romanian forest area. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variability of the leaf nutrients, as well as of the soil nutrients, for sessile oak, Norway spruce and European beech stands situated under different site conditions. The studied sites are located in the southern part of the Carpathian Mountains at altitudes varying from 600 m to 1300 m. Leaves samples were collected from twenty sessile oak trees, in three moments during the growing season. The same eight elements in total form were determined for soil and leave too: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn. Leaves samples for beech and spruce were collected in the II Level Intensive Monitoring Grid of the ICP Forests Programme. The paper focuses on the seasonal concentration variation of eight macro elements in leaves and the correlations between the concentration of the macro elements in soil and litter. In addition, the study highlighted the degree of influence exerted by some soil properties on the foliar concentration of nutrients (through multiple regressions). The obtained results show different mobility of the elements and a greater variability was noticed in the case of certain elements. The same three soil properties were noticed to influence the foliar nitrogen concentration. 26 Sep, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-7-130.php Meat, milk and eggs are nutrient-rich products that could effectively boost nutrient-poor diets, either as part of the normal diet or if access is increased through enrichment with vitamins and minerals, among others. Scientific evidence on the role of livestock products in improving nutrition is limited, especially in low-and middle-income countries, during the first 1,000 days of a child's life. Beyond food production, the livestock sector has additional positive and negative impacts on human health, the environment, societies and economies that must be understood and managed. 03 Jun, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-7-129.php Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are non-anionic surfactants that were used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting, and dispersing agents in a wide variety of consumer products, commercial products, and many industrial cleaning processes. In some parts of the world such as China or South Africa, nonylphenol (NP) and NPE remain a problem. NP and short-chained NPE as breakdown products are toxic and considered endocrine disruptors. This study used a 3R-method to investigate the time-dependent spasmolytic effect in isolated terminal ilea of guinea pigs. Nonylphenol (4-NP), nonylphenol-n-ethoxylate (NP3) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) with a straight nonyl-chain were used. 4-n-NP did not show a significant time-dependent effect, whereas NP3 resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the force of contraction. 4-NP in a concentration of 3 µmol/l caused a decrease and a concentration of 10 µmol/l initially increased and then decreased the force of contraction. The inference from this study is that the branching of the NP and the ethoxylates had different spasmolytic effects and the results indicate that this organ model could supplement in-vitro 3R test batteries to screen for environmental effects. 01 Jun, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-7-128.php Bacteria are microorganisms found in all environments and they fulfill various tasks in ecosystems, however, some can affect the human population causing outbreaks of disease and death. 06 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-7-127.php Agriculture has intervened, modified, and simplified ecosystems to obtain some goods and services. Conventional o industrial agriculture emphasizes the use of external inputs and the homogeneity of the landscape; agroecology promotes biodiversity to maximize biological interactions and their ecosystem services. The objective was to evaluate agrobiodiversity and its trophic interactions as an indicator of sustainability by comparing: industrial productive systems, and agro-ecological and semi-natural sites in the southern Pampas region. Samples were taken of mammals, birds, arthropods, and vegetation; with different indices, the food chains and the state of the system were evaluated. The results show that agricultural intensification simplifies landscape structure with a loss of biodiversity and the absence of functional groups (herbivores and nectarivorous). In agroecological wheat, the highest density of links was found and in agroecological pastures the highest grouping coefficient, this reveals greater cohesion and integration among the components of the system and more mechanisms of self-regulation. The agroecological diversity Index showed no differences between the management, this could be related to the presence of a biological corridor in the conventional field that would be increasing biodiversity. The key to achieving sustainable agroecosystems is to procure biodiverse landscapes with patches and corridors of shrub and herbaceous species. 29 Apr, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-7-126.php In recent years, vaccines based on mRNA are providing protection against infectious diseases and treatment for cancer. These vaccines offer many advantages as compared to traditional vaccines. They can be rapidly and easily manufactured at a low cost and are reliable for administration. These vaccines can generate both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Their administration is still limited because of the risk of quick degradation and ineffectiveness after delivery. Technological advancements are recently being made to overcome these issues. This review summarizes current mRNA vaccine development, safety concerns, advances in delivery systems, clinical trials, and various therapeutic applications of mRNA vaccines. 02 Dec, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-6-125.php This study was aimed to evaluate camel hide attributes and leather quality characteristics of Western Sudan Arabi camel. Thirty pieces of fresh camel hides from three subtypes of Western Sudan Arabi camel ecotype (10 pieces from each of Kababish, Meidob, and Hawawir subtypes) were collected, cured, and tanned. Physical and chemical quality parameters were assessed. The data were analyzed using the Complete Randomized Block design. The results revealed that Significant differences (P≤0.05) were detected among Western Sudan Arabi camel subtypes fresh hides thickness and weight. Kababish hide thickness and weight were recorded the highest value of 0.155±0.4 cm and 11.7±1.3 Kg respectively in comparison to Meidob (0.145±0.3 cm and 8.6±1.2 Kg) and Hawawir (0.143±0.4 cm and 7.7±2.2 Kg). Kababish hides thickness value was above the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. While Meidob and Hawawir hide thickness values were blew the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Physical quality parameters; elongation, tensile strength, resistance to grain cracking, breaking load, and tear strength; were in the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather physical quality of 100%, 200 Kg/cm2, 7N/cm, 8 N/cm, and 100 Kg/cm2respectively. Whilst flexibility parameter was below the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Chemical quality parameters were in the Sudanese standards threshold specification for cattle leather chemical quality of 18%, 4.5%, 2.5%, and 11% for moisture, Ash, chrome oxide, and fat contents respectively. 13 Nov, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-6-124.php This study was designed to assess the occurrence of major insects and rodent pest infestations in stored grain from two districts of Southwestern Ethiopia. Omo Nada and Bako Tibe districts were purposively selected because they are potential maize and sorghum growing regions with high postharvest losses. A total of 160 farmers’ stores from both the districts were randomly selected. The grain samples used in the present study were stored for five different time periods, ranging from 1 to 5 months and from the same farmers’ stores, to identify storage insect pest, determine grain weight loss and insect damage. The results showed that the dominant insect species in maize and sorghum grains were weevils (Sitophilus spp.) followed by the Angoumois gelechiid (Sitotroga cerealella Olivier) and flour beetles (Tribolium spp.). High number of insects were recorded from both plastered and un-plastered gombisa and polypropylene bags. Additionally, the amount of every insect pest in each storage container recorded per 100 g grain increased because the duration of grain storage increased. There have been 0.33-1.29g and 0.44-1g of rodent droppings per 100g sample of maize and sorghum grains, respectively. This showed that faecal dropping per 100 g grain increased along with increase in storage period. Grain damage showed significant (P<0.05) differences over the storage periods across the studied districts. A similar trend was observed for weight loss in each of the grains all districts. These results indicated that farmers are incurring a substantial grain loss to insects and rodent pests. Hence, there is an urgent need to devise appropriate tactics for protecting the losses in farm-stored maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. 18 Oct, 2021 Bio-surfactants produced by bacteria are surface-active compounds required in the degradation of hydrocarbons. They are complex groups of surface-active molecules produced by microorganisms that stick to the specific cell covering or are secreted extracellularly in the growth medium. This study is aimed at determining the bio-surfactant-producing abilities of bacteria that are isolated from bitumen-polluted soil. Isolation of bacteria from bitumen-polluted soil samples was carried out using standard methods. The bio-surfactant producing ability of the isolated bacteria was investigated by several assays, including drop collapse test, tilting glass slide test, emulsification index, and foaming activity. Characterization of the isolated bacteria was carried out using 16S rRNA, and the extracted genome from each isolate was sequenced, showing the gene annotation of the isolates. Crystal violet biofilm analysis was carried out to determine the biofilm-producing ability of the isolated bacteria. The extracted bio-surfactant was characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Whole-genome sequencing analysis was done on two best Bio-surfactant-producing bacteria. Characterization of the bacteria isolates by 16S rRNA showed their homology in the phylogenetic tree in which Lysinibacillus sphaericus belong to the clade of Lysinibacillus and Bacillus. The biofilm analysis revealed that all the isolates were biofilm producers, with one high producer, three moderate producers and one weak producer. The SEM spectra revealed the structure of the product produced, and FTIR confirmed their chemical nature, indicating rhamnolipids. The bio-surfactant results indicated that two isolates, Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Pseudomonas sp. were the best Bio-surfactant-producing isolates. 25 Aug, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-6-122.php In the hinterlands of the Taklimakan Desert, we monitored Barchan dune evolution with the Huace X90 GNSS in RTK working mode to obtain 3D coordinates of a dune with millimeter precision. Using these coordinates, a 3D digital model of the dune was built and superimposed with CASS 9.0 and ArcGIS 10.0. Auto CAD 2010 was used to draw an arc with the three elements of starting point, end point and included angle and to fit the corresponding characteristic point trajectory curve of the eight selected typical dunes. Results of the fitting showed that the dunes rotated counterclockwise with ranges of 33°∼38°and 25.5°∼30° in the monitoring intervals between stages one and two and stages three and four, respectively. The moving trajectories were curves pointing from NE to SW and convex to NW, with long lengths. Between stages two and three, the dunes rotated clockwise with a range of 31°∼37°, and the trajectories was curves pointing from NE to SW and convex to SE or SW, with varying direction and a short length. When the northward or southward angle between effective sand-driving wind and the axial direction was larger than 30°, the dune rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, respectively. This indicates that the moving trajectory should be a curve rather than a straight line, which would result in a better fit with the actual movement of the dune. Accurately fitting the moving trajectory of Barchan dunes can assist in learning how to fit the movement of other mobile dunes as well as how to correct raw dune evolution data, such as moving distance and speed. It can also lay a foundation for the improvement of a formula for moving speed, which is important because many fields of research concern the moving speed and direction of mobile dunes. 11 Aug, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-6-121.php This scientific literature contains numerous descriptions of climatic changes and their effect on wildlife and the ecosystem. Biodiversity and climate are interconnected to each other. The previous studies show that changes that occur in climate affect wildlife directly and indirectly. The basic cause of climatic change is human activities. Human activities increase the greenhouse gases which cause the greenhouse effect. The rising temperature of the atmosphere causes thermal optima to shift towards high altitudes and high latitudes. Global precipitation increases in the last few years that also affect the wildlife. Climate changes disturb the dynamic condition by biomass production, trophic interaction, and hydrological balance. Change climate regimes directly affect the wildlife their behavior, reproduction, migration, and foraging. Drivers of phenology such as mating, breeding, hibernation, and post-hibernation activities will benefit some species and disadvantage others this will cause a new ecosystem. Some climate parameters such as photoperiod (Drive life history events) remain the same while the timing of spring weather changed because of greenhouse gases. Some pathogens can also increase their effectiveness with changes in the climate. Climate change danger the native terrestrial wildlife to extension and alters the functions and structure of their ecosystem. Therefore, it's critical to address climate change for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. 20 May, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-6-120.php All over the universe, earth is the only planet where living organisms are having existence. The entity of life on earth is the result of coordination and balancing of various simple or complex reactions. By the way, it is seen that the life on earth is possible due to the collaboration of three systems i.e. lithosphere, atmosphere and oceans. The oceans are symbol of life on earth. It was considered that first living organism was found in oceans only. Before we know about the relationship between life and oceans, we should first try to understand the birth of oceans. During the birth of our planet earth; about four hundred million years ago there was no ocean or living organism on it. At the initial stage of the birth of earth the temperature of the planet was so high that rain drops are immediately evaporated. As the temperature of earth gradually fell down, the surrounded humidity turns into water and started raining continuously. This process was going on for million years and due to which oceans are produced. In this way, our planet’s one-third part was filled with water. 29 Mar, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-6-119.php The author develops the concept according to which the totality of all living organisms - "living matter" has the ability to purposefully influence the formation and functioning of the habitat on a global scale. This work is devoted to the study of the role of living matter in the formation of the elemental compositions of the hydrosphere and solid cover of the Earth. We have studied the dynamics of the global process of transfer of chemical elements in the ocean-atmosphere-continent-ocean system. Living matter is an active participant in this process. As a result of metabolic processes, living matter constantly creates and constantly maintains an increased concentration of trace elements in its environment. The biocenosis of the hydrosphere initiates increasing of the soluble forms of microelements in its habitat. The terrestrial biocenosis purposefully converts soluble forms of trace elements into insoluble forms to create favorable living conditions, in other words, acts in the opposite direction. The nonlinear laws of the processes of redistribution of average elemental compositions in the biosphere between liquid and solid phases (hydrosphere-lithosphere system) have been established. We have established a universal constant of nonlinearity of these processes in the biosphere equal to 0.7. 26 Dec, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-5-118.php Spectroscopic analysis has been considered as a promising tool for the quantitative detection of elements in a biological sample. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is an advanced trace element analysis technique that uses the emission spectrum of an excited atom to detect and quantify the element present in the sample. The samples are introduced in the instrument in a fine liquid form and the conversion and extraction of pure inorganic components of a solid sample is known as sample preparation. The method of sample preparation is determined on the basis of chemical and structural differences between non-biotic and biotic samples. The environmental safety, bio-remediation, food quality check, diagnostic and biological research laboratories have been frequently using ICP-OES techniques because comparatively high throughput, simultaneous multi-element analysis, high precision, massive dynamic linear range, high throughput and low cost are major advantages of the technique. Many reports are available considering the use of ICP-OES in the field of environmental, petrochemical, metallurgical, geological and nano-technological studies but a collective review report is unavailable on the applications of ICP-OES specifically in biological samples. Present review is a collection of reports available on types of biological samples, variation in sample preparation and advantages of ICP-OES over other methods. The report will develop a detailed understanding of the applications of ICP-OES in element analysis of biological samples. 12 Dec, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-5-117.php In these last decades, excessive metal concentration pose serious contamination in soils. Therefore, it is urgent to develop and adopt a new strategy and technology to remove soil contaminants. Here, the phytoextraction was considered as a recently developed approach to clean up metal-polluted soils in that the plants are used to translocate the toxic metals from the contaminated soils. Therefore, this mini-review provides a perfection of recent knowledge related to the heavy metal phytoextraction from soils and their accumulation in plants. It has been reported that EDTA enhances the availability of heavy metal to plants and thus increases the accumulation in their shoots. In addition, fundamental and basic advancement has been made on the molecular aspects and the physiological regarding tolerance and metals phytoaccumulation in plants. A multidisciplinary strategy is warranted to make phytoextraction a plausible trade technology to remediate metal-polluted soils. Hence, the purpose is to integrate soil-related and biological progress to suggest research needs and future direction. 23 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-5-116.php Earthworms play important roles in terrestrial ecosystems including evaluating the health status of the soil in environmental studies. Its regulation and detoxification of metallic metals and the non-essential metal ion are associated with the possession of Metallothioneins (MTs). Three isoforms of MTs are induced in some species of earthworms under stress in the soil; wMT1, wMT2, and wMT3 (found in cocoons). Though reports on the nucleotide sequences, mechanisms of action and entire functions of two earthworm MTs isoforms exist, the precise mechanism of action and entire functions of wMT3 are still obscure. Metals and stress are known inducers of MTs in earthworms. In recent times, Contaminants of Emerging Concerns (CECs) and the advent of nanotechnology has occasioned a handful of studies evaluating their effect in the environment using biomarkers like metallothioneins. More research focusing on CECs’ and nanoparticles’ ecotoxicological impact in the environment by monitoring biomarkers like earthworm metallothioneins is encouraged. The detection and quantification of MTs involve a wide array of techniques including analytical, instrumentation and molecular analyses which remains the most commonly used. This review evaluates the various methods and highlights their pros and cons. 25 Sep, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-5-115.php Tangier city is considered as one of the most important commercial city in Africa as a result of the new construction of its port, Tangier Med. This study evaluated the abundance of micro and macro debris in Tangier beach and their pollution degree. In 2015, a total of 16 samples were collected by season and size between 1 and 5mm. The means of the results in macro debris are: 1651,4 g/season for plastic; 541,82 g/season for lumber/paper; 86,45 g/season for glass; 58,65 g/season for rubber; 42,5 g/season for metal; and 376,25 g/season for Cloth. The fragment presents the maximum rate with 18.75 g of a total of micro debris of 46,277g. The abundance of macro debris is maximum in season 2 (April-June), while the abundance of all types of macro debris is maximum in season 1 (January-March). The micro debris is very tiny throughout all the year. 22 Jan, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-5-114.php An ecological study of free-living marine nematodes in salt marshes of San Antonio bay was carried out to determine whether they are affected by anthropic disturbances. Samples were collected during the summer of 2009. Three sites were selected, one with urban disturbance and two with possible control. In each site the samples were taken in the 3 areas of the mesolittoral. Nematodes were separated, counted, measured and identified at species level. San Antonio bay presented high salinity values in all sites. “Ciudad” showed the highest values of heavy metals and nematode volumetric biomass. “Baliza Camino” presented the highest salinity values and the lowest volumetric biomass values. “Banco Perdices” presented low organic matter and values intermediate of volumetric biomass. 12 Nov, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-4-113.php Mean enzyme activities of Aspartate Transaminase (ALT), Aka Alanine Transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatases of the digestive gland of freshwater Procambarus clarkia were subjected to different sublethal concentrations of lead, mercury and cadmium were measured. 09 Jul, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-4-112.php Mosquito borne diseases constitute a major public health problem in the list of communicable diseases, An. stephensi (Liston) is the primary vector of malaria in developing countries and improved methods of control are urgently needed. Larvicidal activity of Chysophylum africanum seed extracts was evaluated against An. stephensi. Fourth instar larvae were exposed to 100, 150 and 200μl concentrations of ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of C. 09 Apr, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-4-111.php Mankind at all times of its existence has been related to water and is consumer, considering it a resource for its comfort. Water is a living substance that has developed certain properties according to nature’s assignments. Its main function is mediation in all earthly affairs. Passing through the soil and biota, it undergoes many transformations and goes into the atmosphere with the most diverse structure from each living creature and plant, breathing, various secretions, transpiration of plants. 09 Apr, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-4-110.php Plastics are high molecular weight organic source materials. It is necessary to devise systems to decompose plastic polymers because their disruptive effects are threatening the ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic strategies are being employed to convert plastics into monomers. The objective of both techniques is to reduce polymers to monomers. Microbes act on monomers for their degradation by releasing enzymes on polymers. The rate of microbial degradation is affected by both the environmental conditions as well as by polymer characteristics. Different methods are used to check the rate of biological degradation However, some plastics oppose microbial action. The environment condition and polymer characteristics affect the rate of degradation. Different approaches are used to check the rate of biological degradation. The need of the time is to generate bio based plastics material which can be degraded efficiently. These polymers can be recycled by degradation to monomers and then convert back to petrochemical products. This will contribute to fulfill the increasing demand of organic fuels and may serve as next generation fuel. There is no effective technique that can degrade plastics with efficacy, so scientists are struggling to develop techniques which not only degrade these polymers but also results into beneficial products. This review is an attempt to organize some of the most common strategies for degradation of various types of polymers along with a list of potential microbes capable of feeding on them. 19 Feb, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-4-109.php A mathematical model, validated on experimental data aiming at describing and predicting soil bacteria growth on an essential limited substrate in batch pure cultures is proposed as an extension of the Monod’s one in revisiting the way where the optical density is modelled. This model takes into account viable cell growth, substrate consumption, cell mortality, non-viable cell accumulation in the culture medium and partial dead cell recycling into substrate. The least squares method is used to identify model parameters. The model is extended and validated for mixed cultures proving, for artificially reconstituted soil ecosystems, that there is only competition for the substrate. Mathematics Subject Classification: 34D23, 35N25, 37B25, 49K40, 00A71. 30 Apr, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-3-108.php Greenhouse gases concentration is increased through time within different human and natural factors. Such as combustion of coal, oil and other fossil fuels, decay of plant matter and biomass burning. Now a day’s climate change and global warming is the major problem in the world. It is damage (destroy) a number of biotic componets. It have also effect on microbial comunity stracture, function and their metablolic activity. In order to fight (compromize) climate change using a number of methods are listed here. For example, microorganisms and other biological componets have many potential role for mitigation by contribute forward response. Microorganisms have a wide function especialy used in greenhouse gas treatment and reduction through nutrient recycling processes. It act as either generators or users of these gases in a good manner. It provide to reduce environment hazards which is caused by nature and antropogenic activity. In overall biogeochemical cycles and climate changes are never see separately. 10 Nov, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-2-107.php Bioremediation is a biological mechanism of recycling wastes in to another form that can used and reused by other organisms. Nowadays, the world is facing the problem of different environmental pollution. Microorganisms are essential for a key alternative solution to overcome challenges. 24 May, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-2-106.php It remains very little until the complete destruction of the Earth. Man, like an unreasonable child, without knowing danger, destroys his cradle. Every living creature, every blade of grass on the planet has its purpose. 12 May, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-2-105.php Arsenic is a common pollutant in many water reservoirs around the world and is the cause of human mortality in many countries. The microcrustacean Daphnia can be cultured easily and is sensitive to many toxic substances including As. 12 May, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-2-104.php Antioxidants are the molecules that reduce the chance of ageing by diminishing or maintaining the level of oxidants with or without free radical activity. Therefore, to many people, “antioxidants” and “anti-aging” go hand-in-hand. 18 Apr, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-2-103.php High concentrations of heavy metal (loid)s (HMs) in farmland soils reduces crop yield and contaminates the food chain. Exposure to HMs in the diet results in several adverse health effects such as cancer, reproductive health problems and cardiovascular diseases. 07 Apr, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-1-102.pdf The species Canthon (Peltecanthon) staigi is a Neotropical “dung beetle” from Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, which plays a key ecological role reallocating organic material and in some cases being a seed disperser. 27 Jan, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJEB-1-101.php Heavy metals are a significant problem in municipal wastewater, in soil accumulation and are costly to remove in order to facilitate water use in irrigation. Wastewater, with three heavy metal cations and an iron, was employed in irrigation during the Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench growth period. Results show that the absorption coefficient or bioaccumulation ability of Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench is relegated to certain heavy metals and their concentrations, but not at all to plant tissues in dry ash weight (DAW) scale.